Strict Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strict Liability - taste ExampleHowever both at common honor and through Statute on that point be crimes of stiff liability and vicarious liability. Crimes of strict liability ar those where intention (be it mens rea and/or negligence) need non be renderd in respect of one or more of the elements of the actus reus of an offence. The prosecution only has to prove that the accused committed the actus reus. Crimes of vicarious liability are those whereby the accused neither did the act nor had the intention entirely is held nonresistant due to his relationship with the actual perpetrator. The development of strict and vicarious liability offences seems to be historical a reaction to the plethora of regulatory sanctions and poorly drafted legislation which did not mention malice, intent, knowledge or will.It might appear that state of affairs offences, such as crimes of strict liability are exceptions in English law. These are offences where either the legal or the evidential b urden of proof falls on the defence. However, Ashworth and Blake claimed in their explore that up to 40% of trials in the Crown Court required the defendant to prove either a statutory defence or disprove at least one element of the offence and that everywhere 123 serious criminal offences had an element of strict liability. Most of these offences are regulatory, pertaining to food, drugs, wellness, alcohol, factories, pollution and other public health matters, and are mala prohibita rather than mal in se. They argued that this has made significant inroads on the presumption of innocence.The prosecution does not unendingly have to establish that the actus reus was voluntary. So for example in Callow v Tillstone 1900 a butcher was held liable for exposing unsound meat for sale even though the carcass had been certified as fit for humanity consumption by a vet. A crime may have a mixture of strict liability and mens rea/negligence as to the elements of the actus reus. Hence in R v Prince 1875 the accused was convicted of taking an mateless girl low the age of 16 out of her fathers possession as knowledge that the girl was under 16 was not required for conviction. It was sufficient that he knew she was in her fathers possession. At common law there is a presumption that mens rea is required to establish guilt. One remaining controversial area is that of the common law offence of Blasphemy where there is still some confusion. Lord Denning had said during a speech in 1949 that the blasphemy laws belonged in the past ... it was thought that a denial of the Nazareneianity was liable to shake the fabric of society, which was itself founded upon Christian religion. There is no such danger to society now and the offence of blasphemy is a all in(p) letter.In 1979 morality crusader Mary Whitehouse successfully sued Gay News and its editor for publishing a poem which described a purported affair between a male soldier and Jesus Christ and necrophilic acts with his corpse Whitehouse v Gay News Ltd 1979. In 1990 it was held that blasphemy laws only applied to