Ethics And Values

Morals And Values Moral issue The moral issue I will talk about will be founded on some reality of an occasion that happened when I was a help specialist five years back in a psychological well-being trust association. The patient will be alluded to as young lady ‘A and individuals from the multidisciplinary group will be alluded to as experts. An exceptionally concise depiction of the young ladies emotional well-being disease was schizophrenia this can affect a people mind so that they can hear voices and send smells that are not genuine to the natural eye. Different highlights can incorporate silly considerations this is the place the individual can accept that specific circumstances and conditions have happened to them and it is extremely obvious to the individual on the opposite it can cause an individual to feel that others don't trust them (CAMHS, 2002). The moral problem Young lady ‘A was 15 years old, when she was separated under the 1983 Mental Health Act area 2. Young lady ‘A got a letter from a companion at home. This letter uncovered that her companion had been assaulted from young lady ‘As moms beau. Young lady ‘A had before this letter unveiled to the nursing group that she herself had been assaulted from her moms sweetheart. She chose not to make a move inspired by a paranoid fear of losing the relationship she had as of late developed with her mom. Right now the young lady needed her mom to never get some answers concerning the divulgence of this assault experience. The companion told young lady ‘A that this circumstance was going to court. Now young lady ‘A concluded the time had come to put conclusion on her own assault trial and in this manner needed to go to court and proclaim her own assault trial. The moral issue is should the young lady called go to court or not? Reference Reading from Leathard, A. McLaren. (2007) Ethics contemporary difficulties in wellbeing and social consideration. The Policy Press: UK. There are three additional methodologies which frequently strife with numerous moral issues they are deontology, conceptualism and temperance morals (Leathard McLaren, 2007). It approaches can offer bearings to moral issues. Consequentialism - additionally alluded to as utiliarism found by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. The points of this methodology are think about the results of making a specific type of move (in the same place). All territories of a moral quandary utilizing this methodology would be given equivalent weight while thinking about the result (on the same page). In medicinal services this methodology can be believed to be utilized while considering choices that should be made about the portion of assets (in the same place). Individual Values my own qualities You will portray your qualities however there is no right/wrong response to this. It is essentially how you introduced your problem to the ethic bunch |Julie. How does my own insight, culture, and beneficial experience influence this problem for you? emotions What esteems are in struggle and how has this caused you to feel? What were your apprehensions? Given comparative conditions with someone else would the result be the equivalent? how do these effect on the inquiries you posed resp. to me as an individual Procedure How and for what reason am I settling on a decision I am making i.e., what did I think, feel, and what did I do or not do? How was my dynamic emotional by what variables of enactment, gauges, strategies and authoritative arrangements/methodology and qualities? What different assets would be useful to me in settling on the choices about the predicament? Continue utilizing reflection I think this part Julie is the place you have started to portrayed the diverse moral methodologies. Deontology deon implies obligation and ology is the science, this methodology was found by Kantian. The points of this methodology doesn't consider the outcomes rather it follows up on what is ethically right, specifically deontologists reward the circumstance or customer with deference for singularity which is its most noteworthy significance. This methodology would not affirm of lying to a customer regardless of whether it was in the wellbeing. Any choice is made utilizing deontology would need to be founded on truth. Obligation based hypotheses which would permit the laborer and the customer to demonstrations of the best result which would stay away from hurt. This methodology perceives self-rule, trust and the value of arrangements (on the same page). Prudence got from Aristotelian belief systems. Thomas Aquinas (1990) characterizes uprightness morals isn't just information yet additionally the methodology taken to give incorporation utilizing this information to a moral quandary circumstance, a zone of â€Å"manifestation of moral expert behaviour† (in the same place: 71). Righteousness morals depict a people character convictions and qualities quality is in activities that they accept are ethically stable. Beauchamp and Childress (1989) portray four moral rules that ought to be viewed as when managing any moral difficulty they are: usefulness, non-perniciousness, independence and equity (in the same place: 72). Anyway these four moral standards now and again can struggle in this manner basic judgment is required while picking a specific methodology to take. These four moral standards they can give a system to help the worker(s)/client(s) circumstance by enabling the reasoning procedure, this assists with the choice procedure of the moral problem (in the same place). In upright expert must consider the various perspectives by perceiving the potential clashes that can occur between these four moral standards. It is subsequently suggested that a specialist makes basic decisions with regards to which approach would be progressively proper to the moral quandary. â€Å"Gardiner (2003) remarks that the temperate professional is driven by profound want to carry on well and that this methodolo gy has an adaptability that can support creative arrangements while recognizing that there will frequently be components of agony or regret† (on the same page: 76). So from the moral quandary if advantage was applied the patients wellbeing and wishes and emotions would have been viewed as utilizing this methodology. In spite of the fact that, it could seem unsafe to the patient, if the sole perspectives on her circumstance were considered in light of the fact that this could have adversy affected the eventual benefits of the patient. Non-evil applying this way to deal with the moral difficulty could show how the expert has shielded the patient from real or possible damage; this is especially fruitful when the specialist assesses his/her insight and abilities sensibly guaranteeing any type of intercession is taken inside their expert limit. Anyway should the specialist feel there could be constraints then they should look for and share this data with the group of experts thinking about the young lady? This specific methodology may have been applied from help laborer/essential consideration laborers perspective this is on the grounds that non-perniciousness offers the help specialist/essential consideration laborer with more subtleties from the customers viewpoint of the circumstance while; an expert may possibly work with the young lady on if not many events. Consequently the ramifications of the help specialist/essential consideration laborer not imparting data to different experts can make incredible mischief th e patient. In the event that the help laborer/essential consideration specialist prompts the patient â€Å"there is nothing more I can do† then this will be hurtful and unhelpful to the patient (on the same page: 74). Self-governance the standard of self-rule and effect on revelation and classification. Anyway a patient has an option to data about their condition and their circumstance, the patients sees convictions and qualities ought to be regarded. Albeit, legitimately the young lady in the moral problem was separated under the 1983 emotional well-being act area 2 and along these lines their grounds a professional must take with respect to a fitting choice this can struggle the patients wellbeing/wishes and sentiments. Utilizing the moral issue in this occasion shows when â€Å"beneficence or non-wrathfulness overruling understanding autonomy† (on the same page: 75). The expert will attempt to the principal obligation to the patient anyway the specialist must adjust this obligation to the patient with respect to the more extensive dangers and contribution of others. Gillon (2003), self-sufficiency is a segment of the other three moral standards and self-governance should take need with d eference for the patient (in the same place). Equity and value â€Å"The Aristotelian standards recommend that I believe framework ought to guarantee equivalent and ought to be dealt with similarly and unequals unequally† (in the same place: 77). Considering equity and value to the moral problem the patient may feel the choice to not go to court un-reasonable. Anyway the professional ought to convey an Albanys about the models that was utilized to settle on the choices they made about this moral situation. The standards of equity and value can take into account choices to be made and dispersed by the patients need, benefits, limit or rights. In this circumstance a professional may help the patient to remember her privileges in regard to a grumblings methodology (on the same page). ISSUES Force/polices What are the privileges of the youngster? What rights as an individual? Are there any rights as far as looking for conclusion? All your doing here is noting and indicating Why and what arrangements might be utilized with this difficulty. Julie notes for power each youngster matters is a Green paper that was distributed in 2003 by the administration as a reaction to the demise of Victoria Climbie. In 2000 for the childrens demonstration became law from a careful conference procedure and it is this enactment that supports the legalities of Every Child Matters, by guaranteeing five vital results are followed while guaranteeing the wellbeing, security and prosperity of kids from birth to 19 years. The five results are being solid, remaining safe, getting a charge out of and accomplishing, making a positive commitment and accomplishing monetary prosperity (Every Child Matters, 2003 Cited in http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/about/on 20/10/09 @ 13:05). RESP.OF ORG. What is the associations perspective? Ie NHS, CAMHS for what reason do they use them what are the estimations of these princi

History of Juventus Essay

Edoardo Agnelli of the Agnelli family, proprietors of the Fiat organization dealt with the club in 1923.[7] They had a private arena in Villar Perosa (south-west of Turin) manufactured and a total arrangement of offices and administrations. This demonstrated a decent move for the club, as Juventus won their second Italian Championship during the 1925-26 season; they beat Alba Roma in the last with a total score of 12-1, Antonio Vojak’s objectives were fundamental that season.[5] From the 1930-31 through the 1934-35 season, Juventus gathered a record of five continuous Italian association titles, four of which were under mentor Carlo Carcano;[5] the crew incorporated any semblance of Raimundo Orsi, Luigi Bertolini, Giovanni Ferrari and Luis Monti among others. Outstandingly, the club arrived at the semi-finals of the Mitropa Cup before going out to Czechoslovakian side Slavia Prague.[8] During 1933, Juventus moved to what is viewed as their first significant home; Stadio Benito Mussolini, it was worked in 1933 for the 1934 FIFA World Cup, holding a limit of 65,000.[9] It was initially named after Benito Mussolini who was Prime Minister of Italy at that point. Edoardo Agnelli kicked the bucket on 14 July 1935, this influenced the club’s association execution in an enormous way as the absolute most conspicuous players left not long after his demise. In spite of the fact that the club couldn't re-catch their structure for the remainder of the 1930s, they finished as sprinters up to Ambrosiana-Inter in the 1937-38 season.[5] After-World War II the club’s ground was renamed, Stadio Comunale and Edoardo’s child Gianni Agnelli was set up as privileged president;[7] the club added two more scudetto championship’s to their name in the 1949-50 and 1951-52 seasons, the last of which was under the administration of Englishman Jesse Carver. This sort of structure would be an indication of things to come later on. After a drought, Juventus marked Welshman John Charles and Italo-Argentine Omar Sivori in 1957 to play close by Giampiero Boniperti (who had been with the club since 1946). This framework was effective for Juventus and they won Serie An out of 1957-58 and 1959-60 with Fiorentina completing second on the two events, the last of which was Juventus’ first historically speaking twofold, as they likewise won the Coppa Italia that season. This record breaking crew turned into the main Italian clubs to win ten titles in 1961, in acknowledgment of this the club were granted a Golden Star for Sport Excellence (Stella d’Oro al Merito Sportivo) to wear on their shirt. Prominently, Omar Sivori turned into the first Juventus player to win the European Footballer of the Year that year too.[10] When Boniperti resigned in 1961, he resigned as the untouched top scorer at the club, with 182 objectives in all rivalries; a club record which would keep going for a long time. The last Juventus title triumph accompanied Heriberto Herrera as mentor in 1966-67,[5] a remarkable players of this time was the solid protector Sandro Salvadore. Juventus further hardened themselves as a pinnacle of solidarity in Italian football during the 1970s by winning the scudetto in 1971-72, 1972-73, 1974-75 and 1976-77,[5] just as arriving at the 1973 European Cup Final where they lost to Ajax. Trained in the early piece of the decade by ÄÅ"estmã ­r Vycpã ¡lek, a Czech who had once played with Juventus (and Palermo), the Old Lady developed a solid crew of players to push them forward, with Gaetano Scirea, Dino Zoff, Roberto Bettega, Fabio Capello, and Brazilian Josã © Altafini who might turn into the joint-third most elevated scorer in Serie A history.[11] Franco Causio additionally turned into a mainstream player at the club during the 1970s, in actuality he was well known to the point that the club permitted him to wear his hair long, preceding Causio this was against the rules.[12] The club likewise furnished the group with authentic proper wear (made by acclaimed tailors) and constrained them to finish their instructive examinations. The majority of its players stayed with Juventus until the finish of their vocations; many were given occupations with the club or for Fiat (and related organizations) subsequent to playing retirement.

A Reason to Celebrate

A Reason to Celebrate So over in the world of UROP, things were pretty exciting this week. Now heres how the morning started. Ill admit that I dont read the newspaper or the watch the news as often as I should, but thats why I am glad everyone else I know does keep up. Friend: Your UROP advisor is a genius. Me: Yea, I know that. Shes an MIT professor. Friend: No, shes a GENIUS. Me: Right. I agree. Friend: SHES A REAL GENIUS. Me: OMG, NO WAY. Indeed, this year my advisor, Linda Griffith, was named a MacArthur Fellow. Most people refer to the recipients as a Genius because they are awarded a Genius Grant which is a no-strings-attached grant spread out over 5 years. Its pretty awesome, not gonna lie. Its also kind of crazy to be able to say that I work for her, and despite her achievements, shes really down to earth and easy to talk to. Professors at MIT are not foreign to incredible distinction, and one of the best things Ive enjoyed at MIT is that they are not distant from the students. Freshman year, I had a recitation taught by a Nobel Laureate. Freshman in 7.012 this term have the privelege of being taught by one of the leaders of the Human Genome Project. Speaking of UROP, tomorrow, I am giving the biggest presentation of my research career. YIKES. Ill post about that tomorrow or Tuesday hopefully.

Expain How Theorists of Development and Frameworks to...

Homework Social pedagogy Social pedagogy is an approach to caring for children which combines education and care, emphasising that bringing up children is the shared responsibility of parents and society. A key principle is that the child is in charge of his or her own life, and the social pedagogue works alongside them rather than dictating to them. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget investigated how children think. According to Piaget, children’s thought processes change as they mature physically and interact with the world around them. Piaget believed children develop schema, or mental models, to represent the world. As children learn, they expand and modify their schema through the processes of assimilation and†¦show more content†¦* Egocentrism is the inability to take someone else’s point of view. Animism, or the belief that even inanimate objects are living, results from egocentrism. Children assume that since they are alive, all other things must be too. Talking Tables and Dancing Dishwashers Animism explains the popularity of children’s movies featuring characters such as talking vegetables or singing candlesticks. Young children can readily believe that objects around them are alive, which means they can be entertained by stories involving living objects. Children and adolescents past the age of seven generally lose interest in heroic toasters and prefer stories about people. Stage 3: Concrete Operational Period From the age of seven to about eleven, children become capable of performing mental operations or working through problems and ideas in their minds. However, they can perform operations only on tangible objects and real events. Children also achieve conservation, reversibility, and decentration during this stage: * Reversibility is the ability to mentally reverse actions. * Decentration is the ability to focus simultaneously on several aspects of a problem. Furthermore, children become less egocentric during this stage as they start to consider simultaneously different ways of looking at a problem. Stage 4: Formal Operational Period In this stage, which begins around eleven years of age and continues

The Theme Of Prejudice In The Merchant Of Venice - 1058 Words

Prejudice is a central theme of Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Merchant of Venice†, specifically that between Christians and Jews in the city. The religious tension is demonstrated by the relationship of Shylock, the Jewish moneylender, and Antonio, the Christian he is doing business with. Throughout â€Å"The Merchant of Venice†, Shylock is viewed as a greedy monster, since he works as a moneylender, while Antonio is viewed in a positive light by all, especially when he, with some help from friends, was able to outsmart Shylock for the debt owed to him. In the play, Shylock worked as a moneylender, someone who would lend money when someone is in need, but would expect it to be paid back in full, with interest. Moneylenders were viewed in a negative†¦show more content†¦The Biblical Israelites had faced oppression from the moment a new king came into power and feared their large population. The new king said, â€Å"‘See! The Israelite people have multipl ied and become more numerous than we are! / Come, let us deal shrewdly with them to stop their increase; / otherwise, in time of war they too may join our enemies to fight against us / and so leave the land.’...The more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied / and spread, so that the Egyptians began to loathe the Israelites. / So the Egyptians reduced the Israelites to cruel slavery, / making life bitter for them with hard labor, at more and brick and all kinds of field work / --cruelly oppressed in all their labor.† (Exodus, Chapter 1. 8-14) Like Shylock, these people were limited to what jobs they could do (seeing how they were slaves) and were treated unkindly for their belief system, a belief system that does not infringe on others. The Israelites had faced people who believed they were monsters they could control and manipulate, just as Antonio and Bassanio had planned to do to Shylock. Shylock says, speaking about Antonio treating him different solely on t he basis of him following a different faith, â€Å"He hath disgraced me, and hindered me / half a million, laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, / scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my / friends, heated mine enemies; and what’s his reason? I am a / Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands,Show MoreRelatedThe Theme of Prejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1168 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theme of Prejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice In The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, there are two main themes, prejudice, and loyalty. Prejudice is the more evident theme and is shown in many different aspects through the characters and plot. Shylock and Antonio demonstrate religious discrimination between Christians and Jews. Portia and her suitors display racial discrimination. The aim of this essay is to discuss the theme of prejudiceRead MoreEssay about Love and Hate Depicted in Shakespeares Merchant of Venice1038 Words   |  5 PagesLove and Hate Depicted in Shakespeares Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is a play both about love and hate. Shakespeare illustrates the theme of hate most prominently through the prejudices of both Christians and Jews and their behaviour towards one another. The theme of love is shown amongst the Christians, in the love of friendship and marital love. The themes are emphasised in the settings of the play, Belmont symbolising love and Venice symbolising hate. As well as this the immoralityRead MoreThe Theme Of Revenge In The Merchant Of Venice1118 Words   |  5 PagesRevenge is the central theme of The Merchant of Venice as the plot is centred around the theme of revenge, vengefulness is one of the main character traits present in a sizable number of characters and the main moral message is that revenge is a poor choice. While other themes in the play are present in the plot and moral message and the themes of love and friendship are more prevalent in the majority of the characters, revenge plays a more significant role in the pla y. These factors lead to a playRead MoreRacial and Cultural Prejudice Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many themes woven into the play The Merchant of Venice, Prejudice being the most evident. This prejudice is mainly racial (against race) or cultural (against lifestyle, i.e. religion, culture†¦) and is one of the leading causes of conflict in the play. Prejudice towards Jews, prejudice towards Christians, and prejudice towards people of different colour and prejudice of others with different nationalities, are all present in the play. (transition) Here come another of the tribe: a thirdRead More Merchant of Venice Essay: Universal Elements853 Words   |  4 PagesThe Universal Elements of Merchant of Venicenbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice contains many themes and elements that are considered timeless or universal. Samuel Taylor Coleridge defines a timeless or universal element as a â€Å"representation of men in all ages and all times.†nbsp; A universal element is relevant to the life of every human being – it is universal. The first major theme that plays an important role in the play is the Christians’ prejudice against the Jews. A secondRead MoreThe Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1445 Words   |  6 PagesTalia Warshawsky Ms. Rembert CGI English 11 HH 12 November 2014 Crashing Thru Venice William Shakespeare, possibly the most esteemed writer of all time, wrote a play titled The Merchant of Venice, near the end of the 1500 s. The play takes place in Venice, and while it can be described as what we now call a romantic comedy, it also draws attention to the harsh divides in the Venetian society brought on by conflicting beliefs and religions. Centuries later, in the early 2000 s, Paul Haggis wroteRead MoreMerchant Of Venice Essay Outline956 Words   |  4 Pages The Merchant of Venice Essay Outline Introduction: Hook: The theme is the main subject or message of a story. It is used to give depth and enhance the plot. The themes of The Merchant of Venice are used throughout the story of the play to make the plot move along and to encourage the characters into action. Bridge: When you read The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare there are many themes throughout the play and many lessons to be learned. Main Ideas: The most important themes are hatredRead MoreA Study of Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice Essay1540 Words   |  7 PagesA Study of Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice ‘The Merchant of Venice’ was written by Shakespeare in 1596 and appeals to both audiences of comedy and tragedy. The play features anti-Semitism which is a response to 1500’s Britain as well as other literature of the time. Anti-Semitism is the term used to describe discrimination towards Jews and Judaism. ‘The Merchant of Venice’ has received both positive and negative comments over the centuries and throughout thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Merchant Of Venice 1918 Words   |  8 PagesPerformance Analysis of T he Merchant of Venice Jordan Thomas Mullineaux-Davis William Shakespeare has regularly throughout time been referred to and could be viewed as anti-Semitic because of the cultural implications within many of his plays. A particularly strong example of this could be The Merchant of Venice. This essay will explore arguments of post-colonialism within The Merchant of Venice, discussing the pertinent issues of anti-semitism, racial isolation and prejudice. It will also comment onRead MoreEssay on Prejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice1092 Words   |  5 PagesPrejudice in William Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice The main theme of the Merchant of Venice is of Shylock, a Jew, and Antonio, a Christian taking part in a deal involving the Jew lending the Christian a sum of money. The bond they make is that if Antonio cannot pay Shylock back, Shylock can take legally a pound of Antonios flesh as payment. The other plots in the play consist of Jessica, Shylocks daughter eloping with Lorenzo, another Christian and Antonios

John Locke Founding Father of Modern Era Liberalism

Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke are all great thinkers who were greatly influential in forming philosophies that would affect the future of politics. By analyzing each philosopher’s ideology, we can identify which thinker’s theory reflected modern era liberalism the most. For this paper I will be arguing that, John Locke provides a more compelling framework of modern era liberalism because of his perception of the state of nature, the social contract and the function of government. Before explaining how Locke’s philosophy reflects modern liberalism, it is important to first understand the characteristics that make up modern liberalism. Modern era liberalism stresses the idea that individuals are of great importance†¦show more content†¦Labour essentially creates a distinction between the common and the private (The Second Treatise of Gov., V, 28-29). By analyzing the priority Locke places on private property, we can see how it refle cts the fundamental feature of modern liberalism: individualism. Unlike Locke, Hobbes viewed the social contract as a way to avoid any justification of revolution and believed that the rights humans possessed in the state of nature must be surrendered to a sovereign, in exchange for order (Leviathan, XIV, p. 80). In comparison to Locke and Hobbes, Rousseau did not see the social contract as a solution to the good life, but rather a way for people to improve themselves. Rousseau essentially wanted to establish a relationship between citizens that provided everyone with adequate protection endorsed by the community while preserving the free will and liberty of each (A Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, II, p. 29). Rousseau’s account of the social contract does not reflect the framework of modern liberalism due to the fact that it stresses the importance of community, whereas modem liberalism emphasizes the importance of individualism, an aspect that Locke focuses on when d iscussing private property. Thirdly, Locke provides the most compelling account of modern era liberalism through his description of the function of government. Locke believed that government should be strictlyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Economic Imperialism on Colonization in Canada516 Words   |  3 Pages Economic imperialism is a central part of the ongoing contemporary colonization of indigenous peoples in Canada. Since the colonial era marked the beginning of imperialism in North America, an intricate web of power and domination have formed leaving Indigenous communities in the grip of its economic philosophy. This has led to the ongoing contribution to the disposition of Indigenous peoples in Canada. Economic imperialism can be defined as the need for countries to expand their territories inRead MorePros And Cons Of Liberty1741 Words   |  7 PagesLiberty The Revolutionary Era has always been remembered as a time when men struggled for freedom and liberty from the oppressive British rule. The desire for liberty is what drove many people towards Revolution. The group that organized the Boston Tea Party even called themselves â€Å"The Sons of Liberty†. Many of the popular political philosophies of the day also inspired Revolution. â€Å"Real Whig† ideology stressed how a standing army and powerful state, such as Great Britain, was a threat to personalRead MoreJohn Locke1815 Words   |  8 PagesThe enlightenment era arose in the modern cultural ideology of the 18th century, as ideas among philosophers had a widespread effect among the society. The age of enlightenment, in western society, projected the rejection of traditional Christianity, western philosophy, intellectual advances, scientific, and cultural life, government legitimacy and authority. Upon the enlightenment period multiple philosophers emerged, the indivi duals arose to leading figures using reason to understand all aspectsRead MoreDifferences Between Modern Liberalism And Modern Politics3421 Words   |  14 PagesThe moment the founding fathers of the United States officially declared separation from the monarchy of England several policies and ideologies were thought of to be the future of the country. Today we have centralistic ideologies of both Modern liberalism and modern conservatism which are rooted into the path the founding fathers chose. These roots date back to the 17th century up to the early 20th century yet our nation in modern times is rooted into two different political majority parties whichRead MoreIs State, Citizenry, and Leader Neutrality ,in Religious Matters, Necessary?2082 Words   |  9 Pagesbeginnings of religious neutrality and Christian Liberalism. By in large a product of the times, invoking the word God carried a Christian sentiment, however it also implied that God is one of natural disposition, and does not simply indicate that one must abide a certain religious view of a creator or a God. One must not forget that, although we see pieces of liberalism in the early conception of the American state, it is by far not the liberalism we ascribe to it today. The Penn piece may seem whollyRead MoreLiberal Perspective of a State7979 Words   |  32 PagesINTRODUCTION Liberalism has meant many things over the last 400 years and has provided significant benefits to the human race. Basically, liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights and so, the main theme of liberalism throughout the period of its development was that the purpose of state is the promotion and protection of human freedom and equality and ensuring of human happiness. Liberalism meant the removal of traditional distinctions that were imposed on people. Read MoreEssay Reveiw4144 Words   |  17 Pagesmedieval church and the coming of the Reformation contribute to the development of nation-states in Western Europe between 1450 and 1648? a. Thesis: Rise of absolutism came at the expense of the medieval church, absolutism laid the foundation for the modern-nation state. Supporting Info: (main body) 1. German princes: Luther’s Reformation = more power for princes. They have greater control of political affairs and national This lays foundation for nation-state as monarch doesn’t have to share powerRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work

Small Medium Enterprises Implementations

Question: Discuss about the Small Medium Enterprises Implementations. Answer: Introduction The reports of the past data reflect that almost every size of business entity is implementing the accounting software to maintain a complete track of the internal and the external database. In the framework of the existing subject line Abusaimeh (2014) reflects that the distribution and the development, accounting software in the Australian market have changed the entire database record system. The companies have become highly dependent on the effecting internal process of the accounting software in the Australian market. Yilmaz (2015) figured out that the Australian entities widely use the payroll and the accounting software packages. The survey, conducted over the SMEs (Small Medium Enterprises) reflects the 85% of the organisations prefer using the accounting software to maintain an accurate base of internal and external records. However, Yilmaz (2015) determined that the conservative business owners and the one with the limited technical knowledge are expected to continue with the traditional technical process. However, arguing the latter context, Parthasarathy and Sharma (2016) asserted that the entrepreneurs recruit several technicians in the IT (Information Technology) department to remain updated with the modern information base. Therefore, the entrepreneurs instruct the control unit to investigate on the viability of the IT software proposed by the IT person. By the feedbacks, the technical software is implemented within the internal process. Therefore, the importance of the accounting software is highly recognised by both the conservative and the modern entrepreneurs. The existing study aims to determine the efficacy of the accounting software and the market leaders operating in the specific division. History and the development of the accounting software In the late 1950 and early 1960, the Mega Corporation has taken the initiatives of handling the data that rivalled the requirements of the governing authority (Yilmaz, 2015). The corporation has faced several issues in handling the database in the cost effective software. Due to the repetitive and heavy volume of the financial and accounting data, the database has become the prime candidate for the automation procedure. IBM established the initial programming language by forming a rational database and stored the structured data within the computers. Therefore, the users experienced less issue regarding the data accessibility procedure. According to Abusaimeh (2014), SAP has been developed in 1973, which designed the product lines with the modular methods to increase the swiftness in the database tracking system. The foremost objective behind implementing the software is to have quick access to the database, solving the computations, sorting the complications in the database and acce ssing the database in a sequential manner. In 1981, Peachtree offered the initial integrated office suite, where the word processor and excel sheet were included. Moreover, Intuit has also discovered its first spreadsheet, which the users find effectively useful to maintain the database. Some of the spreadsheets were attached with the excel file, where the users can apply the data in the spreadsheets and keep a backup of the database within the Excel sheets. Accounting softwares market size in the Australian region Intuit, MYOB and Xero are major market leaders of accounting software in the Australian market. In the particular inference, Yilmaz (2015) specified that zero has its operation in the global context, whereas, MYOB has its operation single in the domestic region. The management of the enterprise has declared to have captured 15% of the share nationally. The personality further claimed of having a significant momentum of the dynamic workplace with a total base of 250,000 customers and 10,000 partners (Parthasarathy and Sharma, 2016). Figure 1: Xeros market price (Source: www.afr.com, 2016) In the existing context, Wu and Cao (2016) determined that share price of Xero has closed at $17.75. The price has reached to the maximum margin of $25.60 in March 2016. Conversely, Parthasarathy and Sharma (2016) asserted that the Intuit has managed to capture 80% of the Australian market with its QuickBooks app. On the contrary, an inference can be derived that MYOB has managed to increase its share price within the range of $ 831.7 to $ 833.8million, which reflects an indicative price range of $3 - $4 in the IPO context (www.afr.com, 2016). The previous reports also determine that almost $250 million of the start-ups are using the Xero software for the database tracking purpose. The market leaders in the accounting software segment Xero exclusive manages to consume 65% of the Australian market share in the accounting software division, whereas MIYO has captured only 20% of the shares and the left out figure is engaged by the other enterprises (Protogeros et al. 2011). Accounting software is not only limited to the inventory tracking and account management purpose, but it has also grown to the level of providing the cloud-based services to the companies with lucrative services (www.businessinsider.com.au, 2016). Intuit has managed to capture 80% of the Australian market with its QuickBooks app (Abusaimeh, 2014). Xero is a New Zealand based enterprise that has turned into an Australian giant for the accounting software segment. It has managed to gather 400,000 customers all over the world and proceeded with $240 billion of transactions and 95 million of invoice. Factors that are leading the enterprises to attain the competitive positioning Inventory management: The accounting software package often facilitates the enterprise with the inventory data management system. This software keeps the detailed record of the products and the services. Starting from the production to the distribution of the product is managed and stored in the system. The products like the raw materials, the equipment and tools, the sales based records, everything is managed intensely in the specific system. Due to its easy functionality, the software becomes easy to access (www.afr.com, 2016). Payroll management The software not only maintains the financial records, but it entails on the diversified functional process. According to Yilmaz (2015), the HR personnel can maintain the entire seconds of the internal resources and the compensation division of each of the employees. Therefore, the majority of the SMEs and the well-developed organisations are taking the help of the accounting software to have a data accuracy backup. Challenges and issues faced by the customers with the accounting software Accounting software is highly beneficial for creating and implementing a robust data management system. Presently, it has been found that the accounting software is giving too many problems to the users. Lack of Security The software developers are very much concerned about the security of data. It has been observed that the entire small and big business unit are currently using accounting software and having a tendency to switch towards the cloud-based system (Ciftci, 2010). Hence, lack of data security comes in front of the system as the firewalls do not have enough capability to solve the entire problems. The inefficient service of the firewall and along with inefficient service of the software creates the data security issues. In the opinion of Krishnan and Wang (2014), some accounting software products are not user-friendly and do not permit the users to use the keyboard and mouse. Thus, lack of efficiency is the other major reason for providing low security. Weak Reporting Services The accounting software solution is powerless in assisting the users and the other clients while the people want to get back the required information (Protogeros et al. 2011). Thus, the users get irritated as it is not simple to fetch out the data. The other accounting software does not allow the software products to retrieve the data or import the data as per the necessity. Recommendations to improve the above issues 24/7 Technical supports It is essential to resolve the problems of the customers associated with accounting software within one business day. The accounting software manufacturing firm would need to hire a team who support the clients apart from the business hours (Tankard, 2012). The support team has to provide a contact number to make contact with the customers for fixing the problems on an immediate basis. According to the opinion of Yilmaz (2015), the best support is always a face-to-face session. But in some cases, support through the phone call could be more appropriate to secure the issues of the clients. This process would also be helpful to improve the customer relationship management of the organisation. Improve the software comparability Considering the opinion of Krishnan and Wang (2014), it has been observed that many accounting software is not compatible with the other software programs. For an example, the software developer would require improving the data import and export system, so that the users could easily retrieve the required data. It has been identified that there are many programs which can easily retrieve the data set as per the requirement (Yilmaz, 2015). Hence, the developers of accounting software would need to reconstruct the features of the software for improving the software comparability. Conclusion The preliminary analysis of the study indicates that the accounting software is highly a useful software program to manage the data set. While conducting the study, history of accounting software in Australia has been analysed in the research. It has been speculated that Xero, Intuit and MYOB are the market leaders in Australian accounting software market. These organisations have a huge turnover for establishing a sustainable market position. The challenges such as Lack of Security and Weak Reporting Services are the main issues faced by the customers with the accounting software. Finally, the strategic recommendations like 24/7 Technical supports and Improve the software comparability would be beneficial both for the developers and users to improve the challenges of the accounting software. References: Abusaimeh, H. (2014) Cloud web-based operating system (cloud web os), International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 6(2), pp. 4150. Ciftci, M. (2010) Accounting choice and earnings quality: The case of software development, European Accounting Review, 19(3), pp. 429459. Heber, A. (2015) The cloud accounting supremacy war in Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/charts-the-battle-for-supremacy-in-australias-cloud-accounting-market-2015-4 (Accessed: 14 September 2016). Krishnan, G.V. and Wang, C.J. (2014) Are capitalized software development costs informative about audit risk?, Accounting Horizons, 28(1), pp. 3957. Parthasarathy, S. and Sharma, S. (2016) Impact of customization over software quality in ERP projects: An empirical study, Software Quality Journal, 2(3), pp. 6789. Protogeros, N., Vontas, A., Chatzikostas, G. and Koumpis, A. (2011) A software shell for environmental accounting, Environmental Modelling Software, 26(2), pp. 235237. Protogeros, N., Vontas, A., Chatzikostas, G. and Koumpis, A. (2011) A software shell for environmental accounting, Environmental Modelling Software, 26(2), pp. 235237. Supplied (2016) Xero to keep gaining market share in Australia, new MD Trent Innes says. Available at: https://www.afr.com/technology/xero-primed-to-keep-gaining-market-share-in-australia-new-managing-director-trent-innes-says-20160106-gm0b08 (Accessed: 14 September 2016). Tankard, C. (2012) Big data security, Network Security, 22(7), pp. 58. Wu, H. and Cao, L. (2016) Harnessing web 2.0 for ERP Implementations, IEEE Software, 3(129-147), pp. 11. Yilmaz, R. (2015) Accounting for purchased software based on Turkish accounting standards, Pressacademia, 2(2), pp. 181182.

Tutorial of Enterpreneur Essay Example

Tutorial of Enterpreneur Essay Tutorial 8 (topic 7) Preparing A Proper Ethical And Legal Foundation Q1. In general, do entrepreneurs tend to overestimate or underestimate their knowledge of the laws that pertain to starting a new firm? What does answer to this question suggest that entrepreneurs do before they start a firm? In general, entrepreneurs tend to overestimate their knowledge of the laws that pertain to starting a new firm. Before entrepreneurs start a firm, they should seek for lawyer to get some legal advice, get sources and information about the business, refer to book, or search the information thru the internet about the legal issue that they face. Q2. Describe what is meant by the terms code of conduct and ethics training programs. What is their purpose? The term code of conduct is a formal statement of an organization’s values on certain ethical and social issues. Which means it is a set of formal statement for a firm or company to concern and emphasis on the values on ethical and social issues. For example, value that an organization expect employee to carry out some task, the method on how employee serve customer, social responsibility for an organization, privacy, and others. Then, ethics training programs is teaching business ethnics to help employee deal with ethical dilemmas and improve their overall ethnical conduct. It means, ethics training program is a set of system or some courses that use to lead employee deal with ethical dilemmas, which is a situation that employee involve some activities that is beneficial to oneself or the organization, but may be unethical. For example, an employee using company’s computer to carry out new program, thus this may raise an issue whether the new program is the property for an organization or the particular employee. We will write a custom essay sample on Tutorial of Enterpreneur specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tutorial of Enterpreneur specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tutorial of Enterpreneur specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, improve overall ethical conduct can be done by implementing an ethics training program because it can help employee to deal or response to ethical dilemma. The purpose for code of conduct and ethics training programs is to promote a healthy climate of business ethics and avoid lawsuit in a firm. Also, the purpose is to establish a strong ethical culture and avoid litigation. Q3. Describe what a founders’ agreement is and why it’s important for a team of entrepreneurs to have one in place when launching a venture. A founder agreement is a written that deals with issues such as the relative split of he equity among the founders of the firm, how individual founders will be compensated for the cash or the â€Å"sweat equity† they put into the firm, and how long the founders will have to remain with the firm for their shares to fully vest. It means founder agreement is a formal document that mention about the profit sharing between the founders by following the amount of initial investment between the founders. Items that include in a founders’ agreement are nature of the prospective business, a brief business plan, legal form of business ownership, buyback clause, description of the initial operating capital and others. It is important for a team of entrepreneurs to have one in place when launching a venture because it can avoid the conflict such the problem between the founders regarding the profit sharing and distribution of stock at the end of the business, avoid litigation, and to know the expectation of their own role in the organization. Therefore, founders’ agreement is important to act as a set of rules or guideline while founders are conducting their business and it can reduce most of the issues that can harm the performance of a business. Q4. Describe the purpose of a non-disclosure agreement and the purpose of a non-compete agreement. Non-disclosure agreement is a legal document or contract sign between two parties, which is restrict the access or by third party. The purpose of a non-disclosure agreement is a promise made by an employee or supplier who does not disclose the trade secret between the firm to the third party or outsider. Also, a non-disclosure agreement is a contract through which the parties agree not to disclose information covered by the agreement. On the other hand, non-compete agreement is a contract between one party such as employee agrees not to pursue a similar profession or trade in competition against another party such as employer. The purpose of a non-compete agreement is to avoid the possibility that upon the termination or resignation for an employee might begin working for a competitor firm or starting a new business which is related or similar with the employer’s business in a specific geographical area and time frame. Q5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of organizing a new firm as a sole proprietorship? Is sole proprietorship an appropriate form of ownership for an aggressive entrepreneurial firm? Why or why not? The advantages of organizing as a sole proprietorship are being the simplest form of business tructure. Then, creating a sole proprietorship form is easy and inexpensive so a starting cost can be reduced, and then an owner maintains complete control of the business without any intervention in decision making, and profit is own retain by the owner, business losses can be deducted against the sole proprietor’s other sources of income, and the business is not subject to doubl e taxation because the income earned by a sole proprietorship passes directly to the personal income tax return of the owner, and then business is easy to dissolve due to without any partners and complex agreement. Whereas, the disadvantages of a sole proprietorship are liability on the owner’s part is unlimited so if a business is facing deficit, owner is responsible for all the losses. Then, the business relies on the skills and abilities of a single owner in order to manage the business wisely. Furthermore, raising capital can be difficult because of only owner is running the business without any help from partners. Moreover, the business ends at the owner’s death or loss of interest in the business, the liquidity of the owner’s investment is low due to low capital and cash flow can be used in generating more profit. A sole proprietorship is not an appropriate form of ownership for an aggressive entrepreneurial firm. An aggressive firm will probably need to raise capital early in its life because it is important for an aggressive firm to have a huge amount of capital in competing the earlier stage in the market, thus it is not possible under the sole proprietorship form of ownership. Also, in an aggressive entrepreneurial firm will be taking more risk in the investment, hence a limited liability form of company is more suitable in an aggressive entrepreneurial firm, which owner can limit their personal losses.

Tibetans Essays - Tibet, Dream, Psychotherapy, Symbols, Free Essays

Tibetans Essays - Tibet, Dream, Psychotherapy, Symbols, Free Essays Tibetans PSY101 Instructor: Paula Frioli Peter, PH.D Assignment: Abstract 1 Yin, F., Shen, H., He, Y., Wei, y., & Cao, W. (2013). Typical dreams of being chased. INTRODUCTION The majority of people experience couple of dreams in their life time. Falling, being chased or threatened are typical dreams that people experience. These dreams can be traced back to recollections of experiences and desired experienced during early childhood (Freud). Researchers have shown that being chased has the highest occurrence rate. METHOD University students from Tibet and south china were selected for participates. The research uses a stratified sampling principle for data collection (Ying Wei ). There were 600 questionnaires that were distributed. A total of 569 valid questionnaires were returned: 278 Tibetan (66 male and 22 female) and 291 Han chines (196 male and 95 female). The participants ages ranges The Han Chinese (102) and the Tibetans (106) a total of 208 were interviewed to collect basic information on being chased dream. The interviewers focused on the key elements that were emotions, the chasing agents, and the reaction when the dreamer was being chased. RESULTS Tibetan participants have a lower percentage (89.2%) than Han Chinese (97.31%) for those being chased in their dreams. Han Chinese and Tibetan both experience negative emotion (fear) when theyre being chased in their dreams; 79.8% in Tibetan undergraduates and 79.2% in Han Chinese. When the dreamer was being chased during their dream their reaction was to runaway. 72.4% of Han undergraduates would runaway, whereas Tibetans was 59.7%. DISCUSSION Running away is the most basic pattern behavior, its the most natural and main reaction to escape danger. Its best to confront the situation then to run away from it.

Dell Supply Chain Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Dell Supply Chain Management - Case Study Example Thus, the supply chain system of Dell does possess shortfalls and improvement areas do exist. This paper serves the purpose of critically evaluating the Dell Supply Chain and envisaging not only the efficiency of the system but its inefficiencies as well. The paper firstly describes what a supply chain is. The next section presents what is actually supply chain management. Dell's Supply Chain is discussed next following the critical success factors adopted by the Dell Supply Chain Management. Then a major section of the paper presents a critical evaluation of the Dell Supply Chain. And then the conclusions are finally presented. Supply Chain involves every person and stage that is involved in satisfying the customer's demands. It includes every party from the manufacturer to the customers. The supply chain involves the chain that starts from manufacturer, suppliers, transporters, warehouses, retailers and ends on the customers (Chopra and Meindl, 2004). The supply chain of every company is active and ever changing. Information and products are the crucial and continuously involved constituents of every stage in the supply chain. T The key to successful supply chains are the customers because the basic intention of the supply chains is to fulfill the customers' requirements (Chopra and Meindl, 2004). Every party involved in the supply chain works to fulfill the customers' demands because when the customers are satisfied and are getting what they actually want, they are willing to pay even high prices for the products and making profits is what every company lives for. The supply chain is an entire network of various parties striving towards the fulfillment of the demand (Chopra and Meindl, 2004). Thus every supply chain is demand-driven i.e. the whole of the chain of supply works to fulfill the demand (R Ernst, B Kamrad, 2000). The different stages involved in the supply chain involve stocks and inventory which are updated at every stage (Alan Johnson, 2006). Supply Chain and the Competition The competition in the entire global industries is now based on the competition of the supply chains. The approaches different companies use to run and deal with their supply chains are crucial for their construction or destruction (David A. Taylor, n.d.). Supply chain also has a great impact on the cost that the organizations incur and the savings that it makes. Enhancements in supply chains are not just beneficial for the baseline operations but they are also important for the top line operations because an efficient supply chain can increase the competitive advantage of the organizations over the others (David A. Taylor, n.d.). Therefore, the organizations today are focusing on the lowering of costs mainly through their supply chains and through these low-costs, fulfilling the demands of the customers.

Volcanic impact on environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Volcanic impact on environment - Essay Example The exploitation of these materials in turn has a direct impact on the environment.† (Marti and Ernst, xiii) Significantly, the direct and indirect impact of volcanoes on the environment and society requires significant public awareness as volcanic eruptions never get public attention unless when people and buildings are harmed directly by these volcanoes. The crucial impact of hazardous volcanic processes on the environment and the society needs to be analyzed comprehensively and it is important to realize that the direct volcano hazards include fall processes, flowage processes, and other processes, while the indirect volcano hazards include earthquakes and ground movement, tsunami, atmospheric impact and climate change, etc. A profound analysis of the volcanic impact on the environment confirms that the volcanic eruptions are extremely harmful to the environment, primarily because of the number of toxic gases emitted in the process. Significantly, the toxic gases emitted in volcanic eruptions include carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, volatile metal chlorides, etc. and these are extremely hazardous to the environment. This paper makes a reflective exploration of the volcanic impact on the environment in order to discover the various hazardous ways in which volcanic eruptions and process influence the environment and the society, directly and indirectly. One of the major research questions of an analysis of the volcanic impact on the environment should be how the volcanic gases have

Characterization of Biochemical Pathways

Characterization of Biochemical Pathways Disscussion: Scorpion envenoming resulted in alteration in pyramidin, histidin, tyrosine, glycerophospholipid and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways after 48 hours. These effects are an outcome of acute seizures and early myocardial injuries disorder in the group of experimental rates. Metabolite set enrichment analysis results also showed that pancreas, nerve cells and mitochondria are the most affected organs. The toxicity of a given compound refers to its ability to disrupt some biological functions at a certain level of biological organization (i.e., cell, tissue, or organ) It is also related to the amplitude and the duration of the exposure and also to the degree of absorption of the substance by the organism, its distribution, biotransformation and elimination or accumulation (Topol, 2004). Understanding the mechanism of a toxic event is a challenging task, especially in the field of drug research and development. The symptoms caused by scorpion stings in animal models are similar to those observed in humans (Padilla et al., 2005). Glycerophospholipids are known to display a high degree of molecular heterogeneity in mammalian tissues. In addition to their function as structural components of membranes, some molecular species may participate in specific biophysical and biochemical functions (Mason and Dobbs, 1980). Krshina Murthy (2000) suggested that the probable mechanism of death due to scorpion envenoming syndrome is alteration in phospholipid fractions concentrations mainly phosphatidylinositol and phospatidylglycerol (Murthy, 2000). He postulated that disruption of phosphatidylglycerol choline and phosphatidyl inositol are the main causes of death. Glycerophosphocholine metabolite are involved in cell signaling and membrane integrity of the cell and serine is the precursor for choline and acetylcholine biosynthesis which is required in the brain and therefore any damage of the cell membrane can affect glycerophospholipids metabolites pathway and its concentration. In our study, Glycerophospholipid metabolism was one of the main pathways that have been altered by envenomation and this confirms the Krishna Murthy hypothesis. Scorpion envenoming causes fuel-energy deficits and results in inability to utilize the existing metabolic substrates by different organs, which ultimately may lead to death. This is caused by a massive release of catecholamine, angiotensin II, an increase in glucagon and cortisol (Amaral et al., 1994; Avogaro et al., 1996; Balasubramaniam and Murthy, 1984; Basu et al., 1990; el-Amin, 1992; Gajalakshmi, 1982; Gueron and Ilia, 1996; Mirakabadi, 2013). Steroid hormones mediate a wide variety of vital physiological functions such as anti-inflammatory agents. They are also principally, involved in cell signaling, integrity and stability of the cell membrane as well as fuel or energy storage and energy source in cells. In our study cholesterol, dehydroepiandrosterone, 2-methoxyesterone and aldosterone profiles have shown changes. Disruption of cell membrane and liver function failure resulted due to cytotoxic effect of the H.lepturus venom (Heidarpour et al., 2012; R . Dehghani 2012). So the alterations in steroid hormones metabolites pathway are due to cytotoxic effects of venom. In the present investigation, envenomation by H. lepturus causes alteration in carnosine and 1-methylhistidine metabolite concentration of histidine metabolism pathway. Carnosine which is an endogenous cytoplasmic dipeptide(b-alanyl-l-histidine) and have numerous physiological activities in normal muscles activities (Nagasawa et al., 2001) Histidine and carnosine at low concentration could improve hyperglycemia complications with reduction of proinflammatory cytokine levels, increase insulin secretion, and enhance glutathione peroxidase activity. It has been showed that serum glucose elevated and hyperglycemia resulted by envenomation (Lee et al., 2005). Therefore, alteration in carnosine might be due to hyperglycemia state produced by scorpion venom. GENNIP (1999) showed that pyrimidine metabolism which is the building blocks of DNA and RNA is responsible for the cell programming machinery. Pyrimidine metabolism along with purine pathway fulfills a variety of functions in the metabolism of the cell of which the most important are regulation of energy conservation and transport, formation of coenzymes and of active intermediates of phospholipid and carbohydrate metabolism (GENNIP, 1999). Nyhan (2005) postulated that the catabolic pathways for pyrimidine have yielded a number of patients with specific enzymatic deficiencies, most of them with mental retardation, seizures, or both (Nyhan, 2005; Nyhan, 2005 ). Degradation disorders of pyrimidine can be presented as anemia, neurological deficits or devastating multisystem mitochondrial disorder (H. Anne Simmonds and Gennip, 2003). Our results also showed that the concentration of four metabolites of pyrimidine pathway i.e. Dihydrothymine, Deoxyuridine, Deoxycytidine, and Beta-alanine were changed which might be due to neurological deficits and acute seizures, which are caused by scorpion venom and change in cell metabolism. Venom of many scorpions species cause the activation and delay of inactivation of neural sodium channel which induce a massive release of catecholamines and acetylcholines by the postganglionic nerve both in the circulation and in specific organs, such as increase in rate and force of contraction of the heart tissues.(Gueron and Yaron, 1970; Sofer et al., 1997) Tyrosine is the main precursor for catecholamine, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Our results demonstrated that some of intermediate metabolites in this pathway including iodotyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and acetoacetic acid metabolite show changes which might be due to increase in catecholamine secretion in the stung victim. Similar clinical manifestations of diabetes are usually observed in scorpion sting victims(Zare and Tanikawa, 2002). Scorpion envenoming causes the release of counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon and cortisol) with suppressed insulin secretion. Under these conditions, the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat is directed towards catabolism. This provokes gluconeogenesis with glucose elevation in serum. During catabolic states such as starvation and diabetes free fatty acids and ketone bodies, compete as fuels for muscle metabolism. Whereas, after prolonged starvation in man free fatty acids displaced ketone bodies as preferred fuels for oxidation in striated muscle (Hagenfeldt et al., 1971; Owen and Reichard, 1971) intracellular ketone-body concentrations in striated muscle increased plasma concentrations rose during starvation and diabetic states and causes ketoacidosis and increase of H+ ions concentration of blood . In our study, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies specially acetoacetic acid was affected in this pathway which is in accordance with Krishna Murthy study (Murthy, 2000). To summarize, our findings show that the application of metabolomics approaches could play an important role in the characterization of biochemical pathways in the animal model, which envenomed with Hemiscorpius lepturus venom. Our finding indicates the involvement of multiple system and organs in scorpion envenoming syndrome in which the most affected organs are pancreas, nerve cells, mitochondria, and spleen with similarities to acute seizures, the early marker of myocardial injuries and different seizures disorder, which confirm the earlier acute scorpion pancreatitis and myocardial injury reports (Bartholomew, 1970; Novikov et al., 2000).

Swiming with giants :: essays research papers

Swimming With Giants My Encounters with Whales, Dolphins, and Seals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel Swimming With Giants, by Anne Collet was an extraordinaire piece of literature about a biologists experience with the animals she loves. It is simply a book that expresses not only the wonder but also the tenderness that encounters with whales and other giants of the sea engender. The story tells of Anne Collet’s experiences as a young girl to a well known biologist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Anne Collet was a child she had her first encounter with the sea, as many young children do, by going on vacations with her family. From that point on she knew it was what she would want to do with her life. She went to college at a university in Brest and enrolled into the department of marine biology. This is where she began to study the sea and all its creatures in it. In 1973 Anne had her first Dolphin encounter and from then on became infatuated with the â€Å"Giants† of the sea. Her passion was for Dolphins and Whales. Collet became, and is today, the founder and director of the Center for Research on Marine Mammals in La Rochelle. She has been a Biologist for the past twenty years and has enjoyed every second of it. In her books she speaks with vivid intensity of her encounters with whales, dolphins and seals throughout the world’s oceans. She conveys the thrilling aspects of her work with marine mammals, from the sublime gaze of a whale’s eye to the race to save animals harmed by drift nets or toxic spills. Like the teenagers she regularly takes on her voyages, the reader will not only learn about such things as whale evolution and the unusual sensitivity of dolphins’ skin, but will experience her passion for the ocean, respect for its creatures, and heartfelt concern about â€Å"scorched sea† policy of over fishing, trawl fishing and pollution.

Climax, Symbolize and Theme in the Lottery Essay

â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a very famous American short story. It was published in the June 26, 1948, issue of the The New Yorker. Written the same month it was published. It is ranked today as â€Å"one if the most famous short stories in the history of America literature.† It has been studied in preparatory schools and in universities since its publication. It is very controversial. Some like it, others do not. The lottery has climax, mood and theme.The lottery has a really crazy climax. Climax is the point of greatest emotional intensity in plot. I think the climax of story is killing the person who picks the lottery up. When they kill the woman, their eyes are changed to jealous. Someone said ‘Hurry up!’ and then they throw stones to the woman. Among the people, their family included. I was shocked about her family killed their mother. Even if the son’s face was very pitiful, his parents gave a stone and let him cast it. The chillin g climax also shows serious mood.The story also has extremely serious mood. The mood is generally defined as the atmosphere in the story. Although weather, surrounding and background in the story are sunny and clear, the electing process of the sacrificial victim is too quiet. The weather is a contrast to the village people. At least, the woman has only a tragic ending. She was killed by her friend and family. I think the best of the scene is children kill her too. It’s impossible, though custom is very important, they shouldn’t have let person sacrifice for their personal goal. These things made me confused to understand the story. The lottery has a theme which is difficult to understand. When I saw the title â€Å"The lottery†, I think this story has a good ending, but woman who won the lottery was killed by stones casted by people who she believes and love. It is very irony. Why they killed who won the lottery? I can’t understand this story exactly. But the author who wrote lottery gives us some message. There is old saying â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover† I think this crazy climax and serious mood make me difficult to understand this story.In conclusion, â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story which uses crazy climax, serious mood. I think Shirley Jackson who wrote â€Å"The Lottery† gives us some messages. First, don’t judge by appearance. This story title is â€Å"The Lottery†, but the ending is died who won the lottery. Second, we should remove wrong culture. Wrong culture killed innocent person. So, wrong culture is changed quickly. I searched a lot of information of this story. People say this story is written objectively. I strongly agree with this comment. They were extremely relieved when saw the women who won the lottery. In the movie of last scene, I felt selfishness from them.

Rock Provenance by Petrologic Methods

Sooner or later, almost every rock on Earth is broken down into sediment, and the sediment is then carried away somewhere else by gravity, water, wind or ice. We see this happening every day in the land around us, and the rock cycle labels that set of events and processes erosion. We should be able to look at a particular sediment and tell something about the rocks it came from. If you think of a rock as a document, sediment is that document shredded. Even if a document is shredded down to individual letters, for instance, we could study the letters and tell pretty easily what language it was written in. If there were some whole words preserved, we could make a good guess about the documents subject, its vocabulary, even its age. And if a sentence or two escaped shredding, we might even match it to the book or paper it came from. Provenance: Reasoning Upstream This kind of research on sediments is called provenance studies. In geology, provenance (rhymes with providence) means where the sediments came from and how they got where they are today. It means working backward, or upstream, from the grains of sediment we have (the shreds) to get an idea of the rock or rocks they used to be (the documents). Its a very geological way of thinking, and provenance studies have exploded in the last few decades. Provenance is a topic confined to sedimentary rocks: sandstone and conglomerate. There are ways of characterizing the protoliths of metamorphic rocks and the sources of igneous rocks like granite or basalt, but theyre vague in comparison. The first thing to know, as you reason your way upstream, is that transporting sediment changes it. The process of transport breaks rocks into ever smaller particles from boulder to clay size, by physical abrasion. And at the same time, most of the minerals in the sediment are chemically changed, leaving just a few resistant ones. Also, long transport in streams can sort out the minerals in sediment by their density, so that light minerals like quartz and feldspar can move ahead of heavy ones like magnetite and zircon. Second, once sediment arrives at a resting place—a sedimentary basin—and turns into sedimentary rock again, new minerals may form in it by diagenetic processes. Doing provenance studies, then, requires you to ignore some things and visualize other things that used to be present. Its not straightforward, but were getting better with experience and new tools. This article focuses on petrological techniques, based on simple observations of minerals under the microscope. This is the kind of thing geology students learn in their first lab courses. The other main avenue of provenance studies uses chemical techniques, and many studies combine both. Conglomerate Clast Provenance The big stones (phenoclasts) in conglomerates are like fossils, but instead of being specimens of ancient living things they are specimens of ancient landscapes. Just as the boulders in a riverbed represent the hills upstream and uphill, conglomerate clasts generally testify about the nearby countryside, no more than a few tens of kilometers away. Its no surprise that river gravels contain bits of the hills around them. But it can be interesting to find out that the rocks in a conglomerate are the only things left from hills that vanished millions of years ago. And this kind of fact can be especially meaningful in places where the landscape has been rearranged by faulting. When two widely separated outcrops of conglomerates have the same mix of clasts, thats strong evidence that they once were very close together. Simple Petrographic Provenance A popular approach for analyzing well-preserved sandstones pioneered around 1980 is to sort the different kinds of grains into three classes and plot them by their percentages on a triangular graph, a ternary diagram. One point of the triangle is for 100% quartz, the second is for 100% feldspar and the third is for 100% lithics: rock fragments that havent fully broken down into isolated minerals. (Anything that isnt one of these three, typically a small fraction, is ignored.) It turns out that rocks from certain tectonic settings make sediments—and sandstones—that plot in fairly consistent places on that QFL ternary diagram. For instance, rocks from the interior of continents are rich in quartz and have almost no lithics. Rocks from volcanic arcs have little quartz. And rocks derived from the recycled rocks of mountain ranges have little feldspar. When necessary, grains of quartz that are actually lithics—bits of quartzite or chert rather than bits of single quartz crystals—can be moved over to the lithics category. That classification uses a QmFLt diagram (monocrystalline quartz–feldspar–total lithics). These work pretty well in telling what kind of plate-tectonic country yielded the sand in a given sandstone. Heavy Mineral Provenance Besides their three main ingredients (quartz, feldspar, and lithics) sandstones have a few minor ingredients, or accessory minerals, derived from their source rocks. Except for the mica mineral muscovite, they are relatively dense, so theyre usually called heavy minerals. Their density makes them easy to separate from the rest of a sandstone. These can be informative. For instance, a large area of igneous rocks is apt to yield grains of hard primary minerals like augite, ilmenite or chromite. Metamorphic terranes add things like garnet, rutile, and staurolite. Other heavy minerals like magnetite, titanite, and tourmaline could come from either. Zircon is exceptional among the heavy minerals. It is so tough and inert that it can endure for billions of years, being recycled over and over like the coins in your pocket. The great persistence of these detrital zircons has led to a very active field of provenance research that starts with separating hundreds of microscopic zircon grains, then determining the age of each one using isotopic methods. The individual ages arent as important as the blend of ages. Every large body of rock has its own blend of zircon ages, and the blend can be recognized in the sediments that erode from it. Detrital-zircon provenance studies are powerful, and so popular nowadays that theyre often abbreviated as DZ. But they rely on expensive labs and equipment and preparation, so theyre mainly used for high-payoff research. The older ways of sifting, sorting and counting mineral grains are still useful.