Environmental Problems In The Superstructure Construction Construction Essay

milieual Problems In The Superstructure saying Construction EssayTo identify the environmental riddles in the superstructure twist, we admit to recognize the environmental aspect of this site. So that identifies the environmental bushel or problems. According to the ISO 140012004 Environmental forethought corpse, it lists out several environmental aspects a) emissions to air, b) releases to water agreement governance, c) releases to play, d) make using up of of raw stuffs and innate resources, e) habit of energy, f) energy emitted, e.g. heat, radiation, vibration, g) groundless and by-products, and h) personal attributes, e.g. size, shape, colour, app auricleance.Environmental aspect and impactEmissions to airDuring eddy, all the literal e.g. ready mixed concrete hand truck depart deliver to the site by trucks or new(prenominal) vehicles, either transportation method to the site ordaining occupy brook to run. olibanum they impart release nearly pollutant to the air like CO, CO2, NO, NO2Impact world(prenominal) warming will become more obviously. Although CO2 earth-closet take hold the temperature in the earth, excessive CO2 emission will cause immature planetary house effect. If the temperature continuous rise, it will become a big incident for spokesperson the mean sea level will append and the land will drown imput qualified to the ice in polar is melted.On the other hand, some of the pollutant will bear upon the health of valet de chambre for example NO2 stub irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infection such(prenominal) as influenza.Releases to waterDue to the statutory fatality in Hong Kong, the electrical outlet of the site mustiness install a wheel washing body to evacuate whatsoever dust or pollutants bring to outside environment by vehicles. This kind of system will consume so often water and the water will be fault water. ein truth discharging of waste water will cause pollution.Impac tIf the waste water is like a shot discharged to the soil without both treatment, the toxic chemical inside the water will affect the existing plants or tree. The soil will terminal the toxic contaminant even passing umteen years. besides, the waste water will create a bad smell to environment. They whitethorn non damage the human health, but the bad smell will affect the scarpering condition for bring iner.Releases to landThe site argona will catchment basin to several parts for storage atomic number 18a. However this kind of material may be highly corrosion to the existing land for example cement is acidic and the soil is alkali. When cement is leakage to the soil, the soil original office will change and stabbing the existing tree and plants.ImpactThe soil contamination will happen the soil will become harmful to the existing tree and plant. This effect will not disappear in a short time it is a long term effect. pulmonary tuberculosis of raw materials and natural re sourcesTimber is one kind of natural resources. It make by tree e.g. hard wood, soft wood. In building construction, spirit is playing a in truth important role of construction material. The some commonly type is spirit formwork. Before discharging the fresh concrete, timber formwork will form the fresh concrete to dominated shape. However the timber formwork cannot use m any(prenominal) times because the fresh concrete will corrode the timber formwork.ImpactThe tree needs to take long time to grow, so timber will not admit without limit. In addition, there are many other products made by timber like furniture, makeup If the timber is over used and the timber becomes less production, it will very inconvenient for human life. Moreover the tree have a raw market to absorb the CO2, so when more and more tree disappear, the situation of ball-shaped warning will get worse. Also the root of the tree can hold tightly to the soil, when the tree is cut, more chance to happen lands lide in sloping area.Use of energy and f) energy emittedAll the equipments will require electricity to operate in the site for example some hand tools use by worker, lighting system, passenger hoist and material hoist. On the other hand the machine will consume fuel to operate during excavation or transportation.During spile work on the site, the piling process will create big kerfuffle and vibration to the environment. Nevertheless, other construction process will also generate big impingement to environment.ImpactSince the electricity is come from the fossil fuel by generator, the fossil fuel will create lot of containments like CO2 when blow up them. As the above mention, CO2 will lead to green house effect and global warming will appear.Huge vibration will easily get settlement in adjacent buildings. Also the entropy will annoy people and become noise pollution.Waste and by-products and h) physical attributes,They are almost same as the above mention.Reference gum elastic planWhat is a refuge plan? precaution plan is a roll to direct the safe activity for a put. The main opinion of the rubber eraser plan is to minimize the accident which causes worker injury and any endanger of their health. It will include the following things 1. pencil eraser Policy, 2.Safety Organization, 3.Safety instruction, 4.In-house Safety rules regulations, 5.Safety Committee, 6.Programme for command of unassured conditions, 7.Job hazard analyze, 8. soulfulness Protection Programme (PPP), 9.Accident/incident investigation, 10.Emergency readying, 11.Safety Promotion, 12.Health Assurance Programme, 13.Evaluation survival of the fittest and discover of subcontractor, 14.Process mesh computer programSafety PolicyWe need to follow the statutory requirements Factory Industrial Undertakings law and Regulations Dangerous Goods Ordinance and Regulations Electricity Ordinance Fire Services Ordinance Builders Lifts and Tower on the job(p) Platforms (Safety) Ordinanc e Any related ordinances and regulationsSafety OrganizationThe following safety responsibilities should be understandably assigned Monitoring the implementation and compliance of the Site Safety political program Arrangement for regular reporting and communication Preparation of method statement, hazard identification survey, risk assessment and establishment of risk control system and monitoring its effectiveness and progress Training and promotion communicating with the enforcement agencies and outside advisory sources Reactive action to staff suggestion Subcontractors First-aid officer, competent persons and examiners3. Safety TrainingTo envision the worker can use the machine in candid order to speed up the construction sequence and avoid the accident happening. The bedevil should brook the following nurture like Aerial Lift slattern Training Crane Operator Training Defensive Driver Training Powered Industrial motortruck Operator TrainingBefore the work sustain, it shou ld have a site orientation or induction of training. The orientations provide a forum for the owner/managing contractor to convey its commitment to provide a safe kit and boodle environment for all individuals on the profession site. There also is an opportunity to incite everyone of their responsibleness to give due consideration to safety while planning and conducting their work. This is the time to reinforce their responsibility not to expose others on the job site to risks or hazards.4. In-house Safety rules regulationsThe entire worker in the site must wear the safety helmet and when the worker needs to wear the safety rope before they require working in eyeshade. The worker should wear the air-purifying respirators like mask to avoid any harmful contaminants inhale to worker body.Before the worker start to work, they must have suited certificate with the corresponded safety training be given. So the worker can prove they have required ability to work. engrossed Space Certified Worker Safety Training shape Forklift Truck Operator License Examination Course Safety Training Course for Electric Arc Welding Manual Lifting and Handling Competent Person Safety Training Course Electrician License A distribute Test Preparation Course Electrician License B lymph glandele Test Preparation CourseSafety Committee put together on a regular basis coordinating meeting and site safety committee arrangement.Programme for followup of hazardous conditionsRegular inspection on the site the time time interval is based on the past performance and hazard profile.Establish the inspection profile like compliance and safety walk and responsible staff office (including site senior management, safety officers and safety supervisors)Using the go offlist to ensure they are fulfilled the banner.Job hazard analyzeThere are many hazards on the site like Fall from height Falling objects Stepping on or striking against object Hazards cogitated with operation of machiner y, transport and earth abject equipment such as concrete mixing plants, trucks, bulldozers, excavators etcetera Hazards associated with lifting of materials, both robotic and manual. galvanising hazards Fire hazards Chemical hazards Collapse of earth during excavation, slope sliceAfter we identify the corresponding the risk of the hazard, we can arrange the suitable solution to minimize the accident.Person Protection Programme (PPP)We must ensure that the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the last resort after fatigue the hazard control.The PPE includes Safety helmet, safety footwear, UV protection (e.g. long subdivision shirts, wide brim hats, 15+ sunscreen) and eye, hearing and respiratory protectionThe selection and procurement must choose appropriate PPE with the qualification.We should provide suitable training to the worker to show how to use, storage and maintenance of the PPE. For example, we need to provide the safety helmets cabinet to store them.Accide nt/incident investigationEstablish a system of notification, record and reporting. We should provide some systematic arrangement for investigation and implementation of remedial measures to curb further recurrence. Structured approach for accumulate and analyzing accident Statistics. Arrangement for studying the trends of accidents and formulate strategies for enhancement of performance.Emergency preparednessFor small fire accident, it should provide the suitable fire-extinguisher e.g. water CO2, foam to imprint out the fire. For large fire accident, all the construction work must stop and follow the apprehension routes to escape. Also, alarm system should be provided to remind worker to escape.For heavy typhoon like signal 8 and the red and black signal of the rainstorm, all the construction work must stop.We should provide the emergency manual on the site which contains An emergency plan Floor plans and layout display emergency exits, firefighting equipment Diagrams and layou t of dangerous goods stores Telephone numbers of key company personnel, the police, etc. A list of outside bodies qualified to assist with special problemSafety PromotionWe should have regularly meeting to the worker on site to promote the safety construction. Also we can establish the apportion and penalty system e.g. pay safety. If they can fulfill the safety requirement, they can get exceptional money. Otherwise, it will be reverse.Using the posters, magazines, newsletters, accident statistics displays motion-picture show to increase the safety cognisance of the worker.Health Assurance ProgrammeWe should provide some system such as pre-employment and medical examination programme for monitoring the exposure of labour.Noise control and provide suitable ear protector to the worker if they need to work in high noise area.Provide enough toilet facilities, hand washing, drinking water, resting and eating station and facilities for storage of personal protective equipment.Evaluati on selection and control of subcontractor marrow of communication and coordination with subcontractors and their employees and appropriate sub-contractor control. We must provide properly test system to check that all tools, materials and substances used by the subcontractors comply with statutory requirements. Establish some systems for reviewing subcontractors performance. For example if the sub-contractor cannot fulfill the standard, they will be exchanged.Process control programmeArrangement and procedures for ensuring that safety rules, and working sequence have been formal and implemented for all safety and health aspects, and in particular a safe system of work, safe working method statement and permit-to-work system for highly risky operations, including but not limited to the following care of the Place of Work Fire Arrangements including precautions and firefighting equipment Work in confined spaces Working at height House keeping Protection against falling objects cautio n of Tasks and Operations Excavations Lifting operations Mechanical materials handling Temporary worksManagement of Equipment, Plant, Materials and Services Compressed air tools Electricity supply system Electrical works Portable toolsTwo main hurdle for the implementation of safety planI think the money and labour safety sensory faculty are two main hurdles. Since the money is the main domino of the satisfying project.Provide the safety training to the worker will spend extra time in the self-colored construction project. Some clients will conclude that why dont we spend the time to work to speed up the whole project. Also, we need to use some human resource to supervise the construction process. Since the main purpose of the construction company is making profits. Even the project manager knows that the higher property and standard of the personal protective equipment will be more safety. However, it will pay more money and increase the total construction cost. From the abov e reason, the project manager will do the minimize things of the statutory requirement they will not do the scoop about the safety, so that they can have maximum return in the construction project.The other hurdle for the implementation of safety is the safety awareness of the worker. The labour will think that the personal protective equipment is very inconvenient for work. For example, they think that wear safety rope work in height will disturb their working. It is because the safety rope will limit the working area. And if they only work for few minutes at height, they will not wear them due to require extra work. Also, the worker cannot correctly use the PPE, so they cannot function properly.http//www.ab.ust.hk/hseo/esst/Const-notes2001.PDFhttp//www.polb.com/civica/file deposit/blobdload.asp?BlobID=2527http//www.safetypartnering.com/smd/pdf/pfss.pdfhttp//www.qbuild.qld.gov.au/00_downloads/whs_construc-safe-plan_all.pdf type planThe main elements of the look are the following thingsManagement responsibilityWe need to define different forest duty of different position of Executive Committee, throw away Manager, Construction property Assurance Manager, Design Quality Assurance Manager, Sampling and Testing Personnel, provide Inspectors, Testing Technician, Geotechnical Engineer Pile Driving Analyst, QA Surveyor and Construction Manager. For example the duty of the Project Manager is responsible for organization and maintenance of a document control system for all quality data, coordinate quality check point in quality control programme reviews, and ensure reviews organize with outside entities.Objective of the quality plan Consistency meets the standard and requirement of the client To deliver the project on time with agree quality and awarding To entertain and continually improve the quality of management systems To keep back and continually improve the quality of whole projectEstablish the quality policy To achieve the highest standard and qualit y of the project, it should be provided highly master copy construction team. Establish the long term relationship between supplier and sub-contractor Follow the standard of ISO9001_2008. The construction work must under the oversight and inspection by authorize people. Provide training to the worker who is the low gear time come on the site. When any problems arise, the solving method should not be downgraded the target quality. Communicate the expectations of this Policy to all employees and stakeholders. Fulfill the client requirement Treating all our employees with respect, equality and fairnessResource managementFor human resource, we need to provide training to teach them how to properly use the equipments. Also demonstrate the require standard for them to reach the require quality.For material bargain for and selection, we need to choose a properly material with suitable budget. Since the prize will directly affect the quality, so the budget arrangement is very important . Well-known and reputation supplier company should be selected to ensure the material quality.Inspection testing and quality take stockWe should establish the acceptable standard to the worker like accepted level of defection. After the standard is published, we need to provide suitable testing to ensure that they can reach the require standard. Then, it will be recorded for future improvement.An internal quality audit system will introduce in this project and it will be implemented during each phase of the project.Document controlEstablish the recording system and process to control Project Documents at each Project Phase.Ensure that the latest information is provided to the all staff and workers, so they shall use the update information to process the construction work.Two main hurdles for the implementation of quality planhttp//www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/27A54B86-9825-4E81-9DEE-138823B4ED86/56842/QMPOutline050409.pdfhttp//www.suzlon.com/pdf/SEA_Quality_Policy.pdfThe Purpose of a Project Quality Planhttps//stdmail.cityu.edu.hk/attach/BSI%20BS%20EN%20ISO9001_2008.pdfTask 2 complaisant obligations and maestro responsibilities of legal and ethical issuesAccording to the Hong Kong Institute of Construction Management,the project manager shallin fulfilling their professional responsibilities and the duties which they undertake, have full regard to the public interest.demonstrate a level of competence consistent with their professional.ensure, when undertaking any other construction related activity, that all such work is in accordance with good practice and current standards and complies with all statutory and contractual requirementsat no time improperly advance or accept gifts or favors which would be affect the client to obtain preferential treatmentkeep them inform of current thinking and growings appropriate to the type and level of their responsibility. They should be able to provide evidence that they have undertaken sufficient study and personal development to fulfill their professional obligations in accordance with the current guidelinesnot offer or provide whether to a prospective invitee or a third party any gift or favor whether in money or otherwise designed to secure instructions for worknot undertake work for which they knowingly lack sufficient professional or technical competence, or the adequate resources to meet their obligationSocial obligations and professional responsibilities of client protectionThe project manager shallnot endanger to any person, firm or company any information of a confidential nature relating to the business activities or processes of their Employer or thickening acquired during the course of their worknot, without the permission of their Employer or Client, render any services, with or without remuneration, which conflicts with the interests of their Employer or Clientensure, when providing an advisory service, that the advice given is fair and unbiasedif undertaking any other constr uction related activity be required to maintain insurances and indemnify their Client against the risks for which insurance is commonly effected arising out of the works in respect of workmen, third parties and adjoining propertieswhen acting for a Client or when in contemplation of acting for a prospective Client whose interests conflict or may conflict with his own, or those of any of his associates to separate the relevant facts forthwith to the Client or prospective Client and to the associate and where such disclosure is oral to confirm the same in piece of writing at the earliest opportunity and inform the Client that he shall be unable to act or continue to act unless the Client requests him to do sokeep in one or more bank accounts separate from his own, his firms or his companys bank account (as the case may be) any Clients money held by or entrusted to him, his firm or his company in any capacity other than that of beneficial owneraccount at the due time for all moneys h eld, paid or received on behalf of or from any person (whether a Client or not) entitle to such account and whether or not after the taking of such account any payment is due to such person.