The Issue Of Abortion Laws - 1677 Words

Denise Magana ENG 102 Professor Brussin 2 October 2014 Abortion Laws are Unconstitutional The issue of abortion has always been rising throughout the years. Is it power to the fetus or to the women? The famous Roe v. Wade trial, which was supposed to settle the idea and was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that was supposed to decide the issue of abortion. It was ruled in 1973, that the right to privacy under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment, extended to a woman’s decision to have an abortion, but that the right to privacy must be balanced between the woman’s and the state’s interests in regulating abortions: which is to protect prenatal life and protecting the woman’s health. Roe v. Wade reshaped the nation’s politics and divided the country into pro-choice and pro-life sides, while at the same time, it also created hostile states toward abortion clinics and creates the challenge of getting an abortion more difficult. Everyone has an opinion on abortion, whether or not they want to voice it. Some people think it’s immoral to kill a fetus, something that could potentially gestate into a living, human being. Some people think that it is entirely up to the woman. And others think that it’s none of their business. Ever since Roe v. Wade, many states have been trying to create a more difficult aversions to abortions in many ways. Some states tried to make it harder by payment, such as restricting certain insurance payments. Other statesShow MoreRelatedAbortion : A Controversial Issue882 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroying human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that’s become debatable in politics. In addition, these researches will describe the different issues of abortion, such as, legal laws on abortion, restric tion of abortions, rate of abortion and consequences of the abortion. Abortion isRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue868 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroy human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that become debatable in politics. In addition, this essay will describe the different issues of abortion such as, legal laws of abortion, restriction of abortions, rate of abortion and consequences of the abortion. Abortion is very seriousRead MoreAbortion: The Impact of Federalism and the Separation of Power1227 Words   |  5 PagesOtto von Bismarck once said, â€Å"Laws are like sausages, it is better not to see them being made.† The arduous process that a bill undergoes in order to become a law may seem grueling and pointless; however, the processes high caliber of difficulty allows for the extreme prestige and exclusivity of bills that are passed. Because the process is so exhausting, and filibusters, subsequently requiring a super-majority vote to pass a bill, have always been such a threat in Congress, historically, billsRead MoreAbortion : A Woman s Choice1572 Words   |  7 PagesCelina Valvano Mr. Cukierski CPW 4U 12 November 2014 Abortion: A Woman’s Choice Abortion is an ongoing issue that many woman face today in society. Statistics show that one out of ten women aged from fifteen to nineteen gets pregnant each year and five out of six of these pregnancies are unintended (Lunneborg 1992). There is a constant struggle between whether to keep the child or to abort it. Some people believe that abortion is their only choice or their only way out of a difficult and challengingRead MoreEssay on Should Abortion Be Determined by the State or the Mother?1414 Words   |  6 PagesHomework #2: History and overview of the Policy Issue Should Abortion be determined by the State or Mother? Abortion has been one of the most controversial topics in America. Abortion is defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed in the first 20 weeks of the pregnancy. Abortion is when the pregnancy is ended to prevent child birth. The pregnancy is taken out of the uterus of the women by medical abortion which involves taking medicines to causeRead MoreShould Abortions Be Induced Abortions?1069 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough abortions have been in existence for many years, each culture has its own distinctive views and interpretations regarding abortions. Since the beginning of time, numerous women all around the world have terminated their pregnancy by having a planned induced abortion. Sometimes the execution of abortion procedures is based on ethical decisions, religious views, and at other times, the decisions are solely based on the individual mothers-to-be culture. The United States, however, has numerousRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreAbortion : The Legal Precedent1170 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been many debates over abortion. One of the more famous acts in history about abortion is Roe vs. Wade on January 22, 1973. In this case the U.S. Supreme Court recognized that the constitutional right to privacy extends to a woman’s right to make her own personal medical decisions. This includes the decision to have an abortion without interference from politics and regulations, or religion. Therefore, a state ma y not ban abortion prior to viability. About 42 years have passed and numerousRead MoreAbortion Is Not A Black And White Issue1524 Words   |  7 PagesOf all the legal, ethical, and moral issues Americans continue to either fight for or against the women’s right to have an abortion. The issues surrounding abortion is in the forefront of many political races and seem to be the issue that many Americans are passionate about. It is important to realize that abortion is not a black and white issue. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside of the uterus. Once a women finds out that she is pregnantRead MoreThe Texas Anti-Abortion Law is Unconstitutional Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pages The Texas anti-abortion law has taken the country’s attention by storm. It is an issue on many different woman’s minds, especially those who live in the state of Texas. The new laws are forcing many woman to have to cross state lines in order to receive an abortion and medical care. This includes woman who needs abortions due to preexisting medical conditions and those who are carrying fetuses which are diseased and are expected not to be born as healthy babies. The Texas Governor Rick Perry and

The Role Of Gender And Advertising On Women - 1178 Words

The role of gender in advertising has been a recurring issue in society since the arrival of current media and advertising approaches. Modern media uses approaches that focus on sex and the stereotypical descriptions and concepts of the roles men and women play as customers. These methods create a female communal issue that started in the 1960s with the interpretation of stereotypical housewives. Today, this image has changed into a different societal problem for women. New advertisements are revealing women in ways different from ever before: the Robert Cavalli fashion advertisement located in Style Magazine exposes the inaccurate insights that are placed on women of a very sexualized and obedient female gender role in American culture. The color arrangement design and graphic emphasis of the advertisement supplement the structure of the excessively sexual female purpose in society. When taking a first look, the ad is quite spectacular. It is flamboyant and easily visible while flipping through the magazine. The ad uses lively colors to emphasize the two themes and really focus on their faces. The colors have a variety of bright greens and orange-reds to modest blues and browns towards the low parts of the ad. These colors are used to get the magazine reader’s attention and help them see the clothing. The background is a bright orange drape that makes people look to the people at the center of the page. They appear to be entirely undistracted by the world that surroundsShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Of Women During 1960 S Advertising : A Retrospective Analysis By Yorgos C. Zotos1933 Words   |  8 Pagessexism occurs in advertising in 2017 seems to be inequivalent to those seen in 1960’s advertising. T he gender roles of women in 1960 were defined and marketed as being submissive, subservient and less than a mans role. Ad’s that air in 2017 show the side of this gender inequality and it is more rampant than initially thought. A quick search turns up just how many advertisers use sex to sell products, ideas and endorsements. As pointed out in Female Stereotypes in Print Advertising: A RetrospectiveRead MoreSociology of Advertising and The Stereotyping of Women in the Media: Gender Roles, Personal Dissatisfaction and Issues of Patriarchy- Who Is Really to Blame?2525 Words   |  9 PagesThe Stereotyping of Women in the Media: Gender Roles, Personal Dissatisfaction and Issues of Patriarchy- Who Is Really to Blame? We live in a consumer world. Everything we do and perhaps everything we are is based on consumption and commodity. Daily life has become a constant juggle of products and services - needs verses wants. People and objects become interchangeable. People become identified and classified with material goods. While advertising and the consequential high levels of consumptionRead MoreWomen And Women Are Like Dogs1544 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Men are from Mars, women are from Venus.† â€Å"Guys are like dogs, women are like cats.† Most people are familiar with these expressions to convey differences between the genders. Advertisers capitalize on the fact that men and women are different in order to persuade individuals to consume products and services. Advertising is an important medium in modern society and is used to influence many of the purchasing decisions made by male and female consumers. It is a powerful tool that expresses, developsRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesProspectus: Gender roles and gender stereotypes in advertising My position: I believe advertisements that reinforce female gender roles and stereotypes are damaging to society. 2. Non-favorable Incidents: The examination of the â€Å"Victoria’s Secret† ad for a line of undergarments labeled â€Å"The Showstopper.† The headline is â€Å"Show nothing but your shape,† and the image is a thin woman with big breasts staring seductively. The image clearly sets a tone that this is what is a stand of ideal beauty. AndRead MoreAdvertising Advertisements And Body Image1645 Words   |  7 Pagesassist the advertising industry and SROs in ensuring that women and men continue to be portrayed positively and responsibly in advertising. History - WOMEN IN ADVERTISEMENTS AND BODY IMAGE Authors have also attempted to correlate various demographic variables such as age and education, as well as geographic variables with preferences for role portrayals in advertising. Through the ages men have been considered to be financial providers, career-focused, assertive and independent, whereas women have beenRead MoreGender Portrayal Of Gender Roles953 Words   |  4 Pages2% of women were participating in the U.S. paid labor force in the year 2013 (U.S. Department of Labor, 2013). But despite this near equality in the rates of participation in the work force, men and women continue to be depicted in very distinct gender roles throughout the mainstream media (Eisend, 2010; Lull, Hanson, Marx, 1977; Collins, 2011). This gender stereotyping effect is especially prevalent within advertising. Because advertisements in the media frequently rely on gender roles to promoteRead MoreGender In Advertising: . . The Differences In How Men And1565 Words   |  7 Pages Gender in Advertising: The Differences in How Men and Women are Portrayed and How those Difference Affect Us: Across Time and Across Countries Bria Mosley The Ohio State University According to Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, advertising is defined as â€Å"any paid form of non-personal communication about an organization, product or service with an idea from an identified sponsor.† Advertising is the most cost-effective way to reachRead MoreBrainwashing Youth : How Advertising Influences Children On Gender Images1496 Words   |  6 Pages Brainwashing Youth: How Advertising Influences Children on Gender Images For advertising companies, the topic of advertising to children is one that is very controversial and could lead to a lot of debate on whether it is even ethical to do so. None the less advertisements continue to be aired and targeted towards a particularly vulnerable group: children. At a young age it is a critical time for children. They are not only developing their mental and physical capabilities, but they are also developingRead MoreSocial Psychologists And The Human Information Processing System1632 Words   |  7 PagesIn addition, for two of the interviews, a feminist deconstructionist methodology was employed to pursue the underlying gender conceptions of each informant. Informants were asked whether they could imagine the women in the ads as men, or vice versa, in order to uncover traits and values so habitually defined as masculine or feminine that they are unimaginable in the other sex. (Stem, 1993) Social psychologists have argued that schema, networks of memory-based associations that organize and guideRead MoreGender Roles And Relations Between Women And Women903 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween men and women in all spheres of society. Gender equality an important trend in all around the world in recent years. This question runs through all the problems of the present and is important in the life of each of us. Under the new views on the development of social equality of men and women determined international organizations a key element of human development, as women and men are inseparably linked with each other and society through family ties, relationships, roles and responsibilities

Mental Health for Journal of Medical Research-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMental Health for Journal of Medical Research. Answer: Introduction For alignment of mind and body mental health is a core component. In this report mental health is a priority and novice ideas are formulated for recovery. Sandy Jeff, one of the eccentric community educators alleviates the people suffering from mental illness. She promotes several steps for specific individuals to overcome from stress, depression, inequalities or discrimination in the society. In this report emphasis is done on National health framework that showcases the basic principles required to avoid mental illness. Sandy deliberately shares the live experiences and ensures how recovery can be achieved through her stories and poetry. Main ideas are described from the National framework for recovery-oriented mental health service and the guidelines are suggested for the practitioners. Thus this report deals with the issues of mental health, its recovery methodology and how sandy has contributed to mental illness in empowering the society. Sandy Jeffs Discussion Sandys video typically stated the necessity of supporting amass group of people and individuals in the society who are prone to mental illness to not only to eradicate the stigma but also to alleviate the suffering from the root level. As a society it is the duty to provide people with right opportunity, as they suffer from mental illness due to variety of reasons like lack of employment, stress or depression. A mental disorder can be due to depression, anxiety or fear. In the video Sandy Jeffs focused on the reflection of live experience and policy for recovery. Sandy depicted many live experiences outlining Sallys story that is not able to live a normal life as she is not very much socialized in her job as well as have family stress (Health.gov, 2018). Due to such reasons she suffered from depression and from mental illness. Sandy used to discover the recovery frameworks to outline the mental health services. Recovery from mental illness is possible but it requires a support from f amily, peers as well as professionals. It requires new and innovative ideas for recovery. There are various stages of mental illness, initially the normal activities start differing and there are no social connections. Mental illness makes the people unstable and Sandy Jeffs mentioned that goal is to maintain stability (Scholarwork, 2017). The important factor which helps in recovery is right environment, satisfying work, and good relationship. Sandy stated that there exists a link between recovery phases as well social inclusion to help people to regain their place in the community. Sandy suggested that for recovery the patient should be involved in educational, training as well as volunteering opportunities so that it supports an individual. It increases the sense to control the mental illness, as there are four dimensions to recovery like health, home, purpose and community. Sandys focuses on life recovery by making everyone informed about the healthy lifestyle by supporting phys ical and social well-being (Thisismyreality, 2018). She stated that engaging an individual in daily activities help in reducing the mental stress. National framework for recovery It is an important policy that is developed to improve the delivery of mental health services. It collaborate all the services related to mental health recovery approach. This framework helps in guiding the patient to resolve their mental illness. It describes that there are various networks to support mental illness. Network starts from home, community to work places. They design recovery oriented services which helps in facilitating the connections to gain maximum benefits (Isaacs, Sutton, Dalziel Maybery, 2017). It has designed various recovery plans to remove the uncertainty, loss and stress. This framework focuses on principals that provide them with growth experience. One is uniqueness of an individual that make sure that every individual is been recognized. This helps an individual in gaining health focus by empowering the personal care. This framework allows an individual to make correct choices, to ensure that balance is maintained between the support and duty of care so th at risks are avoided. It describes the rights and attitudes of an individual by properly listening to the issues and taking actions accordingly (Jacob, Munro, Taylor Griffiths, 2017). It protects the individual from all human right by promoting the support provided by social and vocational activities. The national framework of recovery ensures that evaluation of recovery strategies continues and quality services are provided for improvement (Naslund, et. al, 2017). Lived experience via stories and poetries Sandy described some lived experience by depicting poetries and stories as lived experience of people suffering from mental illness and the issues faced by family members are the key concern of this framework. It focuses on the people suffering from this experience rather than focusing on organizational priority for delivering better services (Sandy , 2018). Concerning the lived experience helps in offering them with new opportunity that enhances them in transforming the framework for better delivery of services (Newman, O'Reilly, Lee Kennedy, 2017). It looks to the challenges and offer the transformation by expertise. Recoveryin the experience of mental health The sole purpose of this framework is to range the health professional by setting hospitals, care centres as well as public service centres (Loos, et. al, 2017). The recovery in the experience of mental illness includes empowering everyone in the society by being sure that they are getting proper care as well as assuring that every individual as unique recovery plans. It supports every individual by making by taking their personal decisions without any inferences from the society. It promotes all the legal right of citizenship among individual that will support every individual in terms of social, occupational as well as recreational activities (Hancock, Scanlan, Gillespie, Smith-Merry, Yen, 2017). This part of principal deal with the fact that every individual gets dignity and respect from the community. This can be done by removing the discrimination from the sort and treating everyone with the same perspective (Hancock, Scanlan, Gillespie, Smith-Merry, Yen, 2017). It acknowledge s that every individual is unique and it practices all the positive ways to helps an individual to know their own potential and goal (Hancock, Scanlan, Gillespie, Smith-Merry, Yen, 2017). Examples from the work of Sandy Jeffs Sandy Jeff implement recovery orientated practice by its poetries and stories as it directly showcase the real life experiences of people suffering from mental illness by providing them with hope and motivation to support better mental health. She provides guidelines for self-recovery to cope up with mental illness (Frost, et. al, 2017). One of the live experiences described by Sandy was about old women who were all alone as her parents died when she was very small. She managed her daily expenses by working in a grocery store but it was very difficult as she suffered from many hardships and suffered from mental illness and no proper treatment was provided to her. Sandy suggested in her poetries that first step should be focusing on the actions to be undertaken. She explained that recovery is personal and should be acknowledged during the journey (Denneson, Cromer, Williams, Pisciotta Dobscha, 2017). Thus she described in her stories about various people and their challenges. She analysed to overcome from mental illness the brain should adapt to positive hope and is essential to recover. It was researched that hope plays a nominal role in recovery of mental illness. Sandy suggested that everyone surrounding the patient that is the family members and other supporting people should keep hope for betterment. She always provided the motivation in her poems to endure the strength required to confront the challenges faced by mental health problems and illnesses (Acu, 2018). The recovery journey of mental health is not difficult it just understands the necessities of their lives. There are various issues in the community, family or culture. By using an appropriate recovery approach it support people in learning how to make their own path by involving family members and society (Australian government, 2010). This helps in identifying the illness and focuses on strengthening the social network. Sandy in her stories states that families play a crucial role in betterment of mental illness by providing emotional, social as well a material support (Sandy Jeffs, 2018). They can support by expressing them with ways of hope and building them with strength to sustain in the community. Sandy discussed about various government policies that produce innovative ideas for protective security among women as well chil drens for healthy development. Government has launched various plans to ensure that welfare systems works according to the promotion strategies and opportunities are engaged regarding the policies (Parker, Dark, Newman, Korman, Rasmussen Meurk, 2017). Conclusion Thus it can be concluded that mental illness is a common issue in the society now a days and to avoid that Sandy Jeff promotes and shares her ideas in schools and at community level. She discussed the basic root cause and other relevant factors which lead to development of mental illness through her poems and stories. She emphasizes the core concern which relates to madness, domestic violence, inequality as well as discrimination in the society. It can also be concluded from this report that national framework has played a vital role in recovery and improvement of mental health services. This report defines experiences of an individual and their mental health issues, emotional distress and the drastic impact and upcoming consequences of mental health issue. Various measures and necessary steps are defined by Sandy and major focus is laid on personal recovery to entirely resolve the mental health issue. References Acu.(2018).Mental Health.Retrieved from https://libguides.acu.edu.au/c.php?g=233988p=4347739. Australian government.(2010).Principles of recovery oriented mental health practice.Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-i-nongov-toc~mental-pubs-i-nongov-pri. Denneson, L. M., Cromer, R., Williams, H. B., Pisciotta, M., Dobscha, S. K. (2017). A qualitative analysis of how online access to mental health notes is changing clinician perceptions of power and the therapeutic relationship.Journal of medical Internet research,19(6), Frost, B. G., Turrell, M., Sly, K. A., Lewin, T. J., Conrad, A. M., Johnston, S., ... Rajkumar, S. (2017). Implementation of a recovery-oriented model in a sub-acute Intermediate Stay Mental Health Unit (ISMHU).BMC health services research,17(1), 2. Hancock, N., Scanlan, J. N., Gillespie, J. A., Smith-Merry, J., Yen, I. (2017). Partners in Recovery program evaluation: changes in unmet needs and recovery.Australian Health Review. Health.gov.(2018).Principles of recovery oriented mental health practice.Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/CFA833CB8C1AA178CA257BF0001E7520/$File/servpri.pdf. Isaacs, A. N., Sutton, K., Dalziel, K., Maybery, D. (2017). Outcomes of a care coordinated service model for persons with severe and persistent mental illness: A qualitative study.International Journal of Social Psychiatry,63(1), 40-47. Jacob, S., Munro, I., Taylor, B. J., Griffiths, D. (2017). Mental health recovery: A review of the peer-reviewed published literature.Collegian,24(1), 53-61. Loos, S., Clarke, E., Jordan, H., Puschner, B., Fiorillo, A., Luciano, M., ... Rssler, W. (2017). Recovery and decision-making involvement in people with severe mental illness from six countries: a prospective observational study.BMC psychiatry,17(1), 38. Naslund, J. A., Aschbrenner, K. A., Kim, S. J., McHugo, G. J., Untzer, J., Bartels, S. J., Marsch, L. A. (2017). Health behavior models for informing digital technology interventions for individuals with mental illness.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal,40(3), 325. Newman, D., O'Reilly, P., Lee, S. H., Kennedy, C. (2017). Challenges in accessing and interviewing participants with severe mental illness. Parker, S., Dark, F., Newman, E., Korman, N., Rasmussen, Z., Meurk, C. (2017). Reality of working in a community?based, recovery?oriented mental health rehabilitation unit: A pragmatic grounded theory analysis.International journal of mental health nursing,26(4), 355-365. Sandy J.(2018).Sandy Jeffs on her poetry, madness + rec.Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKgAeHQ-IFQ. Sandy Jeffs.(2018).Sandy Jeffs- Prize winning poet.Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pEszvWRsgZg. Scholarwork.(2017).Dimensions of Loss from Mental Illness.Retrieved from https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3471context=jssw. Thisismyreality.(2018).Sandy Jeff's Story - Schizophrenia: A Journey into the Dark Wood.Retrieved from https://www.thisismyreality.com.au/single-post/2017/08/26/Sandy-Jeffs-Story---Schizophrenia-A-Journey-into-the-Dark-Wood

US Expansion Of 1800s Essay Example For Students

US Expansion Of 1800s Essay Throughout the first half of the 1800s or 19th century there were manyfactors influencing United States expansion. From the Louisiana Purchase in 1803to the Gadsden Purchase in 1853 the United States had tripled in size since itsoriginal thirteen colonies and only paid forty-five million dollars in doing so. The idea of Manifest Destiny spread quickly throughout the country and soonthousands were moving westward in search of a new way of life. The idea ofManifest Destiny was for the U.S. to occupy the entire continent. The onlyproblem was that the land it was expanding on to didnt belong to the U.S. Onesuch factor that influenced the expansion of the U.S. was the occupation ofnearby territories by foreign countries. The largest territory and first one tobe bought by the U.S. was the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. In order for theUnited States to expand successfully into the west they needed control of theMississippi River, which at the time was owned by France. The port at NewOrleans was extremely important to the navigation of the Mississippi andprovided a good market for trade. While this purchase was very successful,others did not go as well. Prior to the Mexican Cession of 1848 the UnitedStates and Mexico were having boundary disputes over where the Texas boarderexisted. President Polk reacted by sending troops into Mexico to protect theTexas boundary lines. A year and a half later Mexico surrendered and Texas wasgranted the Rio Grande border line in the Treaty of Guadalupe. Because of thedifferent nations or countries that owned land on the continent, the U.S. wasforced to purchase or fight for the land it wanted. This caused the newlyacquired territories to have a more diverse group of people, which affected thesocial development of the nation as a whole. Another huge factor that played arole in expansion was that of available resources. As the people began to movewestward they would settle in areas with vast amounts of natural resources suchas lakes or streams, where they could gather food. Lakes were very important totravel because they provided drinking water for the people and attracted wildanimals to the area, which could be hunted for food. Also if an area were to dryor rocky it wouldnt be settled. People looked for the best places to live,places they coul d profit from the most. During the gold rush everyone traveledto the western coast in hopes of becoming rich for the very same reason. Thisfactor affected the economical and social development of the U.S. becausecertain areas or regions would produce specific products. Different types ofpeople would also live in the separate areas depending on wealth or trade thatthe family specified in. The third and maybe the greatest factor affecting themigration across the land was geography. Mountains, rivers, lakes, plains, andin some cases canyons were among the biggest impediments for people moving outwest. At first people began to settle beyond the Appalachian Mountains andslowly moved westward towards the Mississippi River. Here they had to cross withtheir belongings safely without sinking them or getting them wet. Next they hadto cross the Great Plains that stretched on for miles and miles without food orwater. Depending on the time of year it was the weather conditions variedsometimes ma king it impossible to travel because of snow or heavy fog. Finally,the Rocky Mountains stood in their path. Being the only obstacle left betweenthem and the Pacific Ocean, the Rocky Mountains were the most difficult to pass. .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .postImageUrl , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:hover , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:visited , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:active { border:0!important; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:active , .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513 .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue83fb4bc8b003614e2ad9f610a39b513:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo And Juliet (637 words) Essay We will write a custom essay on US Expansion Of 1800s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Travelers would be lost or stranded in the mountains with no food for weeks,sometimes turning to cannibalism. Many people died from disease and starvationduring their difficult trip west proving it to be virtually impossible to reachthe other side of the continent. These natural barriers slowed the progress ofexpansion across America and isolated groups of people traveling, causing themto settle where they were. Because of this, small towns or villages formed alongthe routes west. The geography also contributed to the social development ofAmerica as the barriers isolated people and kept the economy the same indifferent sections of the country. This had many bad affects on the economies insome areas where the people were dependent upon one thing resource, crop, orproduct. During the time of expansion large areas of land were given to theUnited States from foreign countries. Great Britain contributed the most land tothe U.S. through treaties especially at the end of the Revolutionary W ar. Francesold the Louisiana territory to the U.S. inexpensively and Spain also soldFlorida to the United States in the Adams-Onis treaty. Every foreign nationsigned a treaty with the U.S. agreeing to sell their land claims in thecontinent, except for Mexico. Mexico caused the most problems politically,economically, and socially. The United States went to war with Mexico overTexass boundaries and won, taking Texas and the people with it. Through thepolitical confrontation with Mexico the U.S. changed its own economic and socialdevelopment by bringing Mexicans into the country. With every purchase or treatythe U.S. made they took in more and more people from other countries changingthe social development country. This is why other nations played the greatestrole in the development and expansion of the United States

How the Mongols Took Over Baghdad in 1258

How the Mongols Took Over Baghdad in 1258 It took just thirteen days for the Ilkhanate Mongols and their allies to bring the Golden Age of Islam crashing down.  Eye-witnesses reported that the mighty Tigris River ran black with ink from the precious books and documents destroyed along with the Grand Library of Baghdad, or Bayt al-Hikmah.  Nobody knows for sure how many citizens of the Abbasid Empire died; estimates range from 90,000 to 200,000 up to 1,000,000.  In two short weeks, the seat of learning and culture for the entire Muslim world was conquered and ruined. Baghdad had been a sleepy fishing village on the Tigris before it was promoted to the status of the capital city by the great Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 762.  His grandson, Harun al-Rashid, subsidized scientists, religious scholars, poets, and artists, who flocked to the city and made it an academic jewel of the medieval world.  The scholars and writers produced countless manuscripts and books between the late 8th century and 1258.  These books were written on a new technology imported from China after the Battle of Talas River, a technology called paper.  Soon, most of the people of Baghdad were literate and well-read. Mongols Unite Far to the east of Baghdad, meanwhile, a young warrior called Temujin managed to unite the Mongols and took the title Genghis Khan.  It would be his grandson, Hulagu, who would push the boundaries of the Mongol Empire into what is now Iraq and Syria.  Hulagus primary purpose was to solidify his grip on the heartland of the Ilkhanate in Persia.  He first completely annihilated the fanatical Shiite group known as the Assassins, destroying their mountain-top stronghold in Persia, and then marched south to demand that the Abbasids capitulate. The Caliph Mustasim heard rumors of the Mongols advance but was confident that the entire Muslim world would rise up to defend its ruler if need be.  However, the Sunni caliph had recently insulted his Shiite subjects, and his own Shiite grand vizier, al-Alkamzi, may have even invited the Mongols to attack the poorly-led caliphate. Late in 1257, Hulagu sent a message to Mustasim demanding that he open the gates of Baghdad to the Mongols and their Christian allies from Georgia.  Mustasim replied that the Mongol leader should return to where he came from.  Hulagus mighty army marched on, surrounding the Abbasid capital, and slaughtering the caliphs army that sallied out to meet them.   The Mongols Attack Baghdad held out for twelve more days, but it could not withstand the Mongols.  Once the citys walls fell, the hordes rushed in and collected mountains of silver, gold, and jewels.  Hundreds of thousands of Baghdadis died, slaughtered by Hulagus troops or their Georgian allies.  Books from the Bayt al-Hikmah, or House of Wisdom, were thrown into the Tigris, supposedly, so many that a horse could have walked across the river on them. The caliphs beautiful palace of exotic woods was burned to the ground, and the caliph himself was executed.  The Mongols believed that spilling royal blood could cause natural disasters like earthquakes.  Just to be safe, they wrapped Mustasim in a carpet and rode their horses over him, trampling him to death. The fall of Baghdad signaled the end of the Abbasid Caliphate.  It was also the high point of Mongol conquest in the Middle East.  Distracted by their own dynastic politics, the Mongols made a half-hearted attempt to conquer Egypt but were defeated at the Battle of Ayn Jalut in 1280.  The Mongol Empire would grow no further in the Middle East.

Praying Mantis Egg Case

Praying Mantis Egg Case Have you ever found a brown, Styrofoam-like mass on a shrub in your garden? As the leaves begin to fall in autumn, people often find these odd-looking formations on their garden plants and wonder what they are. Many people guess that its a cocoon of some kind. Although this is a sign of insect activity, its not a cocoon. This foamy structure is the egg case of a praying mantis. Soon after mating, a female praying mantis deposits a mass of eggs on a twig or other suitable structure. She may lay just a few dozen eggs or as many as four hundred at one time. Using special accessory glands on her abdomen, the mother mantid then covers her eggs with a frothy substance, which hardens quickly to a consistency similar to Styrofoam. This egg case is called an ootheca. A single female mantid may produce several oothecae (the plural of ootheca) after mating just once. Praying mantids typically lay their eggs in late summer or fall, and the young develop within the ootheca over the winter months. The foamy case insulates the offspring from the cold and provides them with some protection from predators. Tiny mantid nymphs hatch from their eggs while still inside the egg case. Depending on environmental variables and the species, the nymphs may take 3-6 months to emerge from the ootheca. In spring or early summer, the young mantids make their way out of the protective foam case, hungry and ready to hunt other small invertebrates. They immediately begin to disperse in search of food. If you find an ootheca in the fall or winter, you may be tempted to bring it indoors. Be forewarned that the warmth of your home will feel like spring to the baby mantids waiting to emerge! You probably dont want 400 miniature mantids running up your walls. If you do collect an ootheca in the hope of watching it hatch, keep it in your refrigerator to simulate winter temperatures, or better yet, in an unheated shed or detached garage. When spring arrives, you can place the ootheca in a terrarium or box to observe the emergence. But dont keep the young nymphs confined. They emerge in hunting mode and will eat their siblings without hesitation. Let them disperse in your garden, where they will help with pest control. Its usually possible to identify the mantid species by its egg case. If youre interested in identifying mantid egg cases you find, includes photographs of the most common mantid oothecae found in North America. The egg case  shown above is from a Chinese mantid (Tenodera sinensis  sinensis). This species is a native of China and other parts of  Asia but is well-established in North America. Commercial biocontrol suppliers sell Chinese mantid egg cases to gardeners and nurseries who want to use mantids for pest control. Sources Tracks and Sign of Insects and Other Invertebrates, by Charley Eiseman and Noah CharneyBugs Rule: An Introduction to the World of Insects, by Whitney Cranshaw and Richard RedakPraying Mantid Care Sheet, Amateur Entomologists Society website. Accessed online September 15, 2014.Ootheca, Amateur Entomologists Society website. Accessed online September 15, 2014.Carolina Mantid Ootheca, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, website. Accessed online September 15, 2014.Ootheca, Museum Victoria website.   Accessed online September 15, 2014.Subspecies Tenodera sinensis sinensis - Chinese Mantis, Bugguide.net. Accessed online September 15, 2014.

Thrasymachus and Justice in Plato's Political Philosophy Research Paper

Thrasymachus and Justice in Plato's Political Philosophy - Research Paper Example Distinguished sophist of ancient Greece Thrasymachus has elucidated the term justice while entering into discussion on the same topic with great philosopher Socrates, which has been elaborated by Socrates’ renowned disciple Plato in his Republic. Book I of the Republic encompasses the debate between Thrasymachus and Socrates, where the former makes two assertions about justice. At first, he declares the notion as mere the ‘advantage of the strong over the weak’; and secondly he views justice as ‘submitting to the prevailing statutes of the state law.’ (Hourani, 111) The powerful governments, according to Thrasymachus, strive to implement their policies by dint of the force they enjoy in comparison with the weaker states; consequently, the policy is expected to be observed and followed by all the weak nations. As a result, it becomes the law, which is unconditionally and unanimously imitated by all. Consequently, it is equally beneficial for the weaker due to the very reality that it would be obeyed by all the weak without discrimination, and hence will become a law for all individuals. The sophist also argues that justice imposes unnecessary restrains on the human desires, and thus it does not turn out to be advantageous for the majority of the people in general. Hence, on the one side, Thrasymachus defines justice as the exploitation of the weak individual(s) or stratum at the hands of the powerful; and on the other side, he declares it as the abiding of the uniform law, which looks at everyone on the foundations of equality and impartiality. Thus, stronger group signifies the elite or ruling stratum of society, while the weak can be compared to the masses at large. Since the stronger stratum not only articulates the rules and laws, but also abides the same rules it has devised for all, these statutes of law are supportive for the protection of the rights of the weaker too. Somehow, Socrates points out contradiction in the very definition of justice Thrasymachus has developed. Consequently, it invites criticism from Socrates because of the contradiction it contains in its very scope. Socrates, during his cross examination of the very arguments made by Thrasymachus, vehemently refutes the validity of his viewpoint. He is of the opinion that since the individuals, even from the strong and ruling classes, are humans, and hence can make mistakes, they cannot be expected to devise error free laws, policies and strategies. On the other hand, even their most sincere efforts can maintain flaws and mistakes while devising the laws; so these statutes, in the form of advantages and privileges for the stronger, are unable to present the real picture of justice in their nature and scope. Somehow, Thrasymachus counters Socrates’ objection by stating that the rulers are free from making errors or committing mistakes till they are at the helm of the power. And even if they commit they same, there is no one to chal lenge or point out their mistakes till they are enjoying the position of rulers. In other words, the weaker strata do not have the power to put even the incorrect rules into jeopardy. Consequently, they remain as the laws of the country till the individuals, introducing the same, are in the power. (Bloom, 25) Being one of the greatest logicians the world has ever produced, Socrates could not submit to the Thrasymachus’ claim that rules and laws are devised for the benefit of the rulers only. On the other hand, he clarifies his objection with the example that the artwork is created for the consumers and public, and not for the use of the artisan. Similarly, the shopkeeper involves into trade and merchandise by bringing commodities for the people. It is therefore, justice carries advantages for the common man at first, and hence cannot be attributed to the dominant political group only. Socrates also cites the professional abilities and proficiencies of the

What is Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

What is Justice - Essay Example In that context, it will be really interesting to delve on the concept of justice in a lay and historical context. The laity tends to predominantly associate the term justice with fairness. In a general context, by justice, people tend to mean and expect to be treated fairly as a citizen and as a human in all spheres of public life. By justice, people expect not to be discriminated against owing to any personal or social attributes like race, ethnicity, gender, age and other political or social affiliations. In a biblical context, some principles tend to be rooted in the very essence of the concept of justice. As per Bible, justice is rooted in the very nature of God and, hence, humans should desist from dispensing justice as an omnipotent and all knowing entity (Greenberg, 1995). Hence, Bible facilitates a very liberal approach towards human justice, that extends due leverage to all the sides engaged in a dispute. Bibles envisages justice in the light of relationships and tends to settle the respective jurisdictions for the church, the state, the family and varied other constituents of the society (Greenberg, 1995). The Hebrews considered the God to be just and the one who expected his adherents to be just. The biblical idea of justice is rooted in the Covenant, which expects the believers to retain justice in interpersonal relationships otherwise they stood the chance of being judged. Plato gives much importance to the concept of justice in his works. Plato’s concept of justice is amply akin to the notions of ethics or morality that includes within its ambit all the duties of a man both as a citizen and as a family member (Parry, 1996). As per Plato, justice happened to be the virtuous aspect of the soul, before which men were expected to set aside the irrational desire to taste all pleasures (Parry, 1996). Hence, to a great extent, the Platonic concept of justice laid down the condition for exercising

Life-Based Leadership Principles from Jack Welch Essay Example for Free

Life-Based Leadership Principles from Jack Welch Essay During the hundreds of millions of years of natural evolution on this planet, survival has always been a continuous challenge for living creatures. It has recently to come into light that in the past four million years, there have been scores of human species on the earth, besides us homo sapiens. However, all of these various human-like beings including the Neanderthal man perished in the course of evolution; we humans have outlived all of them. We have emerged as the true survivors. We are the last â€Å"man† standing. However, in the whole history of the world, survival could have never been as tough as it is in today’s world of big business. It is an ever-changing, dizzingly fast-paced, intensely competitive and danger-saturated environment out there. There are many survivors and many winners in this arena, of course. Of all such exceptional people in the recent decades, there is one man who stands out as a celebrated icon of leadership and business success. And it is none other than Jack Welch of GE, arguably the finest CEO in the latter half of the twentieth century. Speaking from a broad perspective, he is not just an exemplary business leader, but a hero, a survivor, a symbol of the triumph of man. Jack Welch is a man who believed that each individual should control his or her own destiny. Welch sums up his conviction thus: â€Å"Today, I see winning as people defining their objectives and fulfilling them, not being a victim. You define where you want to go, and then you go for it ([emailprotected]) And from the depth of this belief perhaps sprang the secret of his greatness. Starting from the early Eighties, Jack Welch, CEO of the General Electric Corporation, has led his company through one of the most revolutionary and far-reaching changes ever witnessed in modern business history. Having taken GE with a market capitalization of about $12 billion, Jack Welch turned it into one of the largest and most admired companies in the world, with a market value of about $500 billion, when he stepped down as its CEO 20 years later, in 2000. Although Jack Welch was the legendary leader of a global manufacturing giant noted for its technological might and superiority, he has utilized a very human process to drive change through GEs vast organization. He honoured the individual above all, and the humanity of the individual. To him, the individual was the pivotal force in bringing about organizational change. And for the major part of his immensely successful career at the helm of GE he relentlessly embraced change. It was change that made GE businesses leaders in their markets, added profitable, productive businesses to GEs family, and tapped the brains of knowledgeable employees. Welch worked for change, and change worked for him. Jack Welch of course knew how difficult change could be. Nevertheless he viewed change as his only real chance to transform GE into the kind of top-notch competitive enterprise that he wanted it to be. Only through continuously undergoing massive changes, GE could win, and Jack Welch firmly believed in winning. He wanted to be a winner. And winners were not afraid to make changes. However, pursuit of change, empowerment of individuals, and such principles are only part of a broder human-centric principles of successful leadership in which Jack Welch passionately believed in. Welch’s original approach to management and leadership, which proved so successful in transforming GE could be summed up unders six heads: Control your destiny, or someone else will. Welchs first maxim became the title of a semi-autobiographic bestseller that described the revolution at GE. The basic approach that Welch followed to carry out a dramatic revolution at GE was to trust the individual and let him or her believe in their own desitiny. Welsh believed in delegating authority freely, fairly and responsibly, within the company. In a general context, however, while no mere human being can have absolute control over his or her destiny, the point is to take total personal responsibility for one’s own life and actions, and assume intelligent control of the course of things. 2. Face reality as it is, not as it was or as you wish it were. Facing reality is tough. Facing reality means looking directly into suffering, failure, inadequacy of ourselves, others, and the world, something which we human beings are programmed to avoid. When corporations do not face simple realities, however, such as their products costing more to produce and being worthless than those of their competitors, market share and profits drop, the company and its employees suffer. Welch saw all these things happening at GE. Only when we are ready to honestly examine ourselves and acknowledge our shortcomings, will we be able to do anything about them. Acceptance can lead to transformation. 3. Be candid with everyone. Traditional wisdom says that honesty is the best policy. This home-spun truth has great relevance in today’s hyper-modern corporate settings. Welch strove to create an atmosphere at GE where people could effortlessly speak up to somebody in authority, who could then do something about their problems. It is an atmosphere, it is in the air of GE. Welch himself regularly spoke with front-line employees on the plant floor. Welch was equally open to hear both the good and bad things about GE. Honesty, sincerity and candor: they have their own rewards. In a bureaucracy, people are afraid to speak out. This type of environment slows you down, and it doesnt improve the workplace, says Jack Welch. He therefore calls for promoting a corporate culture that appreciates and rewards honest feedback. You reinforce the behaviors that you reward. If you reward candor, youll get it. 4. Dont manage, lead. Welch abhorred a strictly hierarchical type of management built on the concept of control. To Welch, managers should become leaders who show the way to other people by inpsiring and motivating them. Instead of controlling and exploiting workers, leaders should liberate and empower them. Do not push and pull your employees at every opportunity, gently guide them towards greater possibility. Welch’s leadership philosophy continues to be very simple: empower others, ask questions, tap into the potential of all of your associates, choose integrity and candor over charts, graphs, and politics, and spend more time in action instead of planning and posturing budgets. 5. Change before you have to. That is to say, proactivity. One has to be able to look ahead and predict changes that future is going to necessitate. In the context of a business organization, it is far better to change early those things in a company that need to be changed to stay competitive, when there is still plenty of time, rather than forcibly having to change them later when an adverse reality in form of failure and loss thrusts itself in the face of the organization. Welch was fond of yelling across the table at meetings, Change, before its too late! 6. If you dont have a competitive advantage, dont compete. Welch often quoted his business maxim that every division at GE had to be number one or number two or get out of that specific business. In the 1980s, Welch was convinced that inflation would soon become rampant thereby slowing down economic growth. The elimination of the old-line businesses was not going to be an easy job in terms of loss of jobs and lowering of morale that it implied. But Welch had to do what he had to do. The Number 1 or number 2 philosophy – as ruthless as it sounds – had been critical for GE to grow and survive in the modern world.

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Violence Against Children

â€Å"If she doesn’t acknowledge what happened then how can you trust that she is going to be different in the future† - Dr. Phil. I believe that means that if your mom abuses you or hurts you any type of away and says nothing of it than you never know if it might happen in the future. But forgiveness goes along way with you life in question. My career pathway is law enforcement. Sooner or later I will have to deal with cases like these. Child abuse cases is something really no law enforcement agent will want to deal with. Child abuse is physical, emotional, or sometimes god forbid sexual. No matter what field of law enforcement you can still run into a child abuse case. Form DEA, CPS, investigators and forensics and so on Child occurs because of a lot of reasons. There is anger issues, to have something to vent and take all your anger out on. Also an unwanted/mistake kid so to show the child they aren't wanted where they are at. To prove dominance, to show you are the ruler of them and their whole life. In law enforcement the steps to take in a possible child abuse case. First you observe the child and his environment. Look for visible injuries how he acts, body languages means a lot and speaks untold words. Then you take a report and gather up all you need to make a case. After you get all you need and it makes a good case you then send it over to CPS Physical abuse is causing any bodily harm that exceeds out side of the jurisdiction of legal punishment. Legal punishment includes grounding, whupping with a belt or hand that goes from the small of the back to the back if the thigh, but it doesn’t include whup with a extension cord or punching. Emotional abuse is purposely hurting a child that doesn’t have physical attacks.... ...ide.org/mental/child_abuse_physical_emotional_sexual_neglect.htm>. Karkola, Kari, Kauppi Marika, Leena Anne, Juhani Merikanto, and Tuija Vanamo. "Fatal child abuse: a study of 13 cases of continuous abuse.."http://web.b.ebscohost.com/. Mental Illness, 1 Oct 2012. Web. 12 Feb 2014. Kriel, Lomi. "One of Houston's worst child-abuse cases tough to unravel."  http://www.chron.com/. lomi.kriel@chron.com, 13 May 2012. Web. 12 Feb 2014. . Iannelli, M.D., Vincent. "Child Abuse - Child Abuse Cases and Stories."  http://pediatrics.about.com/. about.com, 07 Apr 2013. Web. 13 Feb 2014. . "Child Abuse."  kidshealth. Nemours, n.d. Web. 18 Feb 2014.

Methaphor & Metonymy – Condensation & Displacement.Doc

Displacement; a shift or move in the unconscious when the mind redirects a thought or word dangerous or unacceptable and substitutes it with a more affable thought or word. Condensation; where all the different elements, bits and pieces of thought and dreams combine into one to make sense. In this way they can stand for several different thoughts, feelings, wishes, ideas, etc. For Freud, condensation and displacement / substitution were used as a defense mechanism to contain aggressive and sexual impulses and hide the true unconscious thought (anxiety). Brought to light through slips, jokes and dreams, these little bits of language produce the whole picture. The Signorelli example, from The psychopathology of everyday life is a fine example of displacement and linguistics. Travelling through Bosnia, Herzegovina; Freud forgets the name of a famous painter; Signorelli. Two other less familiar names come to mind; Botticelli and Boltraffio. By combining different bits and parts of the words Signorelli, Botticelli, Boltraffio and Bosnia, Herzegovina, he realises the repressed thought (death and sexuality regarding a patient). A further example comes from jokes and their relation to the unconscious, during a conversation Hirsch – Hyacinth of Hamburg; Pottery agent and extractor of corns, recalls a meeting with the wealthy Baron Rothschild where Rothschild treated him as his equal – ‘quite famillionairely’. (Condensation accompanied by the formation of a substitute) Metaphor – A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or concept it does not literally denote in order to suggest comparison with its basic meaning (metaphors = suppress). A rough man. Metonymy – is a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related or which it is a part i. e. substitution of one word for another. (metonymy combines). The cup was drunk. Jacques Lacan; (1901-1981) believed that the human psyche is found in language. He thought it an extremely important part of Freud’s understanding of the unconscious. He wanted to expand on Freud’s work or condensation and displacement. Using metaphors and metonymy Lacan related directly to Freud’s thinking in terms of condensation and displacement in so far as the original is changed and a new idea – concept is formed. He placed great importance on linguistics’ (phonemes, multiple use of the same material, double meaning, puns etc) in relation to slips and Para praxes . He relied on the borrowed work of a number of linguistics in this regard. The linguist, De Saussure believed the relationship between words were greater than objects. Two elements combine in a relationship called signification to produce the linguistic sign. There must be both a signifier (idea) and signified (concept). Lacan noticed the similarities between Saussure and Freud’s work in relation to signifier and signified. In Freud’s representation S/s the signified slips beneath the signifier. A second linguistic, Roman Jacobson believed the production of language twofold. Selection / substation and combination of the linguistic units. He gives an excellent example of the use of metaphor and metonymy. Quoting from Lewis Carrols, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland: ‘â€Å"Did you say pig or fig? said the cat. ‘I said pig,’ replied Alice. (Baby to pig suggests a person who is not nice). Other examples include, the Cheshire cat (grin like a Cheshire cat). The March Hare (as mad as a March Hare) etc, etc.

Hathorne and Parris Essay

In my opinion the main twist of the play was in the court scene where Proctor confesses his affair with Abigail, who doesn’t deny it and doesn’t confess to it either. Elizabeth is brought in as a witness, she could save all the living people accused of witchcraft by telling the court the truth, by removing Abigail’s power. However, her choice to lie or confess her husband’s adultery to the court is not based on her values and her morals. She is unaware of the importance of her decision and she doesn’t know that John has already confessed his crime. Danforth-â€Å"What of Abigail Williams? † Elizabeth-â€Å"I came to think he fancied her. And so one night I lost my wits, I think, and put her out on the highroad. † Danforth-â€Å"Your husband-did he indeed turn from you? † Elizabeth-(in agony): My husband-is a goodly man, sir. † Danforth-â€Å"Then he did not turn from you. † Elizabeth-(starting to glance at Proctor): He- Danforth-(reaches out and holds her face, then): â€Å"Look at me! To your own knowledge, has John Proctor ever committed the crime of lechery! (in a crisis of indecision she cannot speak) Answer my question! Is your husband a lecher! Elizabeth-(faintly): No, sir. This scene is packed with suspense, will Elizabeth tell the truth? Dramatic irony also plays a key part in this scene, we know that John has already confessed to his lechery, but Elizabeth doesn’t. She thinks that she is saving his name, when ironically she is labelling him as a liar. She chooses to lie in the church, ignoring her religious values. She puts her husband and family first, which shows us that she is on the private side of the private life vs. the church conflict which runs throughout the play. The confess or not to confess conflict is also shown here, Elizabeth is one of the many characters forced to make this decision, along with Proctor, the girls, Mary Warren and Abigail. The punctuation in Danforth’s speech intensifies his anger, it creates more tension and puts even more pressure on Elizabeth. Elizabeth’s sentences are mostly short, show her lack of confidence and weakness. This makes us sympathise with Elizabeth even more and involves us with her even more, just in time to intensify the hanging of her husband. ‘The Crucible’ is a play of conflicts, these conflicts make the storyline more exciting by creating suspense and tension for climaxes, create sub-plots which add to the confusion and it allows room for twists, such as when John confesses his adultery but Liz unconsciously says he’s lying. This keeps us glued to the play. The structure itself can be symbolised by a crucible getting hotter and hotter and allowing the impurities to be extracted. It puts tremendous pressure on our main characters causing more conflicts, which in turn causes, excitement, creating yet another climax. Conclusion I thoroughly enjoyed this play as it was exciting and highly emotional so I could get involved in the play and with the characters. I found myself in a position where I was unbelievably biased towards John Proctor without even realising how I’d been persuaded by Miller to side with him. This is cleverly done so you feel you have made your own choice, so you don’t feel manipulated. I found the ending of the play almost unbearable as through the story I had attached myself to John and it was upsetting to see him victimised by the pride of Danforth, Hathorne and Parris. Pride and religion are what decide the fate of the play, the threat of reality crashes down harshly on the dream of a Utopia, confusing readers and characters alike.

Population Problem in Bangladesh Essays

Population Problem in Bangladesh Essays Population Problem in Bangladesh Essay Population Problem in Bangladesh Essay Bangladesh is a small country on the view to its space but its population are highly increasing than its demand, as a result, govt unable to fulfill peoples rights. Moreover, unemployment, illiteracy, child marriage, child labour, imbalance of environment, pollution, corruption, flood etc are highly increasing because of huge of population. Thus, population control is highly essential for Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a country where people dont take precaution and family planning policy. If you look at the rural level you will find every family has more then three child. es, the people of a country of country is the asset of that country. But there are some important obstacles behind this like if the government cant serve her people. Developing country like Bangladesh should utilize her man power. this is the first main key to be developed for a country . Read more: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Is_the_population_of_bangladesh_is_asset#ixzz19asqymH2 City City popu lation (2008 estimate)[48] Metro population (2008 estimate)[48] Dhaka 7,000,940 12,797,394 Chittagong 2,579,107 3,858,093 Khulna 855,650 1,588,425 Narayanganj 800,000 ,500,000 Rajshahi 472,775 775,495 Sylhet 463,198 Barisal 210,374 Rangpur 251,699 – Population: 156,118,464 (July 2010 est. ) country comparison to the world: 7 Age structure: 0-14 years: 34. 6% (male 27,065,625/female 26,913,961) 15-64 years: 61. 4% (male 45,222,182/female 50,537,052) 65 years and over: 4% (male 3,057,255/female 3,254,808) (2010 est. ) Median age: total: 22. 9 years male: 22. 4 years female: 23. 4 years (2010 est. ) Population growth rate: 1. 55% (2010 est. ) country comparison to the world: 79 Birth rate: 23. 43 births/1,000 population (2010 est. ) ountry comparison to the world: 71 Death rate: 5. 81 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est. ) country comparison to the world: 173 Net migration rate: -2. 12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est. ) country comparison to the world: 175 Urbanizatio n: urban population: 27% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 3. 5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est. ) Sex ratio: at birth: 1. 04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1. 01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0. 89 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0. 93 male(s)/female total population: 0. 93 male(s)/female (2010 est. ) Infant mortality rate: otal: 52. 54 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 48 male: 55. 04 deaths/1,000 live births female: 49. 94 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est. ) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69. 44 years country comparison to the world: 149 male: 67. 64 years female: 71. 3 years (2010 est. ) Total fertility rate: 2. 65 children born/woman (2010 est. ) country comparison to the world: 79 HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate: less than 0. 1% (2001 est. ) country comparison to the world: 139 HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS: 12,000 (2007 est. ) country comparison to the world: 95 HIV/AIDS deaths: fewer than 500 (2007 est. ) country comparison to the world: 82 Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations water contact disease: leptospirosis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009) Nationality: noun: Bangladeshi(s) adjective: Bangladeshi Ethnic groups: Bengali 98%, other 2% (includes tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims) (1998) Religions: Muslim 89. 5%, Hindu 9. 6%, other 0. 9% (2004) Languages: Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 47. 9% male: 54% female: 41. 4% (2001 Census) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 8 years male: 8 years female: 8 years (2007) Education expenditures: 2. 4% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 163 Most approaches to poverty, deal with the ‘symptoms’ of the problem. The symptom is, they don’t have proper resource, so, give them resources to cope with their poverty. The book concentrates on the cause rather than cure. It argues that the source of the problem lays in the unequal way the society functions. It works for the narrower elite in the society and a major proportion of the population remains under-served by opportunities. We argue that this is a problem that can be fixed. To address it, you should first know why it has been created and then try to correct it. The failure to correct this is injustice

Garret Hobart - McKinleys Influential Vice President

Garret Hobart - McKinley's Influential Vice President Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844- November 21, 1899) served only two years, from 1897-1899 as President William McKinleys Vice President. However, in that time he proved himself to be quite influential in his role, advising McKinley to have Congress declare war on Spain and being the deciding vote to take the Philippines as a US territory at wars end. He became the sixth vice president to die while in office. During his time in office, however, he earned the moniker, Assistant President.   Early Years Garret Hobart was born to Sophia Vanderveer and Addison Willard Hobart on June 3, 1844 in Long Branch, New Jersey. His father had moved there to open a primary school. Hobart attended this school before going to boarding school and then graduating first from Rutgers University. He studied law under Socrates Tuttle and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He went on to marry Jennie Tuttle, his teachers daughter.   Rise as a State Politician Hobart quickly rose in the ranks of New Jersey politics. In fact, he became the first man to head both the New Jersey House of Representatives and the Senate. However, due to his extremely successful law career, Hobart had no desire to leave New Jersey to become involved in national politics in Washington, D.C. From 1880 to 1891, Hobart was the head of New Jerseys Republican Committee, advising the party on which candidates to put into office. He did, in fact, run for the US Senate a few times, but he never put his full effort into the campaign and did not succeed ​to the national scene.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Nomination as Vice President In 1896, the Republican National Party decided that Hobart who was relatively unknown outside the state should join William McKinleys ticket for the presidency. However, Hobart according to his own words was not overjoyed with this prospect as it would mean having to leave his lucrative and comfortable life in New Jersey. McKinley ran and won on the platforms of the Gold Standard and a protective tariff against perennial candidate William Jennings Bryan.   Influential Vice President Once Hobart won the vice presidency, he and his wife quickly moved to Washington, D.C., and leased a home on Lafayette Square which would earn the nickname, the Little Cream White House. They entertained at the home quite often, taking over the traditional duties of the White House. Hobart and McKinley became fast friends, and Hobart began visiting the White House to advise the president quite frequently. In addition, Jennie Hobart helped take care of McKinleys wife who was an invalid.   Hobart and the Spanish-American War When the USS Maine was sunk in Havana Harbor and trough the poison pen of yellow journalism, Spain was quickly laid to blame, Hobart found that the Senate over which he presided quickly turned to talk of war. President McKinley had tried to be cautious and moderate in his approach with Spain after the incident. However, when it became apparent to Hobart that the Senate was prepared to move against Spain without McKinleys involvement, he convinced the president to take the lead in the fight and ask Congress to declare war. He also presided over the Senate when it ratified the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Spanish-American War. One of the provisions of the treaty gave America control over the Philippines. There was a proposal in Congress that the territory be given its independence. However, when this ended in a tied vote, Hobart cast the deciding vote to keep the Philippines as a US territory.   Death Throughout 1899, Hobart suffered from fainting spells related to heart problems. He knew the end was coming and actually announced that he retired from public life in early November. On November 21, 1899, he passed away at home in Paterson, New Jersey. President McKinley attended Hobarts funeral, a man he considered a personal friend. New Jersey also went into a period of mourning to commemorate Hobarts life and contribution to the state.   Legacy Hobarts name is not widely recognized today. However, he was quite influential during his time as vice president and showed what power could be exerted from that position if the president chooses to rely on their advice.

Consumer behaviour Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Consumer behaviour - Case Study Example A number of factories have been closed and retail network for distribution of its products reduced. The company just hired a highly competent CEO1 who has experience in business make ups and creating and sustaining brands, image and customer loyalty. A SWOT2 analysis of the company indicates that it stands to enjoy a number of business opportunities if certain things are achieved. The firm has several strengths that would increase its competitive advantage. The company, however, faces challenges in terms of potential threats from the market as well as internal weaknesses, which may be minimized. Several strategies and action points are suggested as measures to restore the company’s glory and regain its market share to improve business performance. Among them is the implementation of an elaborate marketing and promotion campaign, putting in place a comprehensive customer relations program, re-establishment of retail distribution networks, expansion to new markets and diversific ation of existing product range. Introduction Levi Strauss & Co is an all-time American brand clothing store that has been in the San Francisco apparel market for many decades. It faces a number of hurdles in sustaining business growth momentum. ... The company has for the last three years faced a rough business terrain with plummeting sales, layoffs, occasional plant closings, and a failure to woo certain market segments to take up its products. The company just appointed Mr. Philip Marineau, a vigilant and veteran marketing executive from PepsiCo Inc., as CEO to turnaround its fortunes and rejuvenate its presence in the market for growth. Philip’s mission is to bring back the company to its earlier business glory and more by re-establishing effective customer relations, launch more relevant products and improve existing ones guided by the needs of customers and undertake effective promotions, advertising and marketing for the products. This paper will provide an analysis of Levi Strauss by addressing the problem, conducting a situation analysis, assessing alternative options and making firm and implementable decisions to help the chief executive achieve his desired objectives (Case Study notes). Problem Statement The ma in problem of Levi Strauss as explained in the foregoing background is the failure to respond to different needs of different customer classes in its market. Specifically, the company has failed to quickly respond to fashion trends for its youthful market in the textile industry thus losing a significant market share to competitors such as JNCO and Kikwear among others. The fall of a majority of the company’s retail distribution networks has also been a big problem in terms of maintaining sustained or even stronger presence in the market. The company has continuously failed to embrace dynamic market needs and is stuck on traditional styles that currently

HR hypothetical facts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR hypothetical facts - Essay Example In determining whether a worker that provides services to your organization is either an independent contractor or an employee, all information that shows evidence of independence and control degree should be highly considered. The hypothetical facts that show the prove of independence and control are classified into three categories which include type of relationship, behavioral, and financial.Relationship between employee and employer- are there any written types of employee’s benefits or contracts (Fishman, 2014). Will the relationship between an employer and employee continue or end after a while and the services offered very important to the organization. Behavioral- does the organization have the power to control the function of the worker or how he or she carries out his or her duties. Financial- are there aspects of the job of a worker that is controlled by the Human Resource manager? (This includes things such as expense reimbursement and how workers are being paid. T hese are the main facts that the Unemployment Claims Hearing Office should rely on to determine whether John is characterized as either an employee or an independent contractor. Companies must put into consideration all the above mentioned factors when characterizing a worker as either independent contractor or an employee. Some of the factors indicate that a worker should be categorized as an employee while others entail that a worker should be categorized as an independent contractor. The main thing here is to evaluate all the mentioned factors.

Art and Antiques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Art and Antiques - Essay Example (MTI, 2005) The modern art market in the UK equals to 26% of the world market, and 50% of the European markets. Modern art includes the works dating since the middle of the 2oth century until the present time. It is notable, that with the changes of the surrounding in which we live, with changing quality and inner style of art, it is also becoming more marketing and some critics even state that modern artists work depending on the marketing conjuncture and the needs and demand at the market; moreover, with the development of media the popularity of selling art through Internet and online auctions acquires new meaning and can soon become the principal means of selling modern art all over the world. The demand for modern art, as well as the prices and revenues tend to go along with the economic cycles; moreover, through the periods of economic recession art appears to be one of the most vulnerable areas and is seriously damaged by financial losses and low demand. As it has been said, the main aim of the work is to conclude, whether the modern art in the market is an attractive object of investment; this is why it should be noted that art was always viewed as the means of investing finances, its profitability is much similar to that of the stock market. (Moore, 2004) Since much art and antiques are viewed as an investment, the art market index correlates approximately with that of the stock market; however, a healthy stock market and higher interest rates also attract capital away from alternative investments. This is because stocks and cash savings produce dividends and returns that are more attractive, when the stock market is buoyant and interest rates high, than the capital exchange value of art and antiques.' (Moore, 2004) It is notable, that recent years have become a landmark in the demand for modern British art - it was constantly growing. The works of art produced through the period of 1920 to 1980 (the period which is supposed to be contemporary) are selling well, and all styles of modern art from conservative realism to post-war abstraction are equally demanded. In order to understand the reason for the positive changes in the UK modern art market and to discuss the principal distribution channels about it, it is worth looking into the depth of the modern art market in the country. International art movements were traditionally much more popular than modern British art, making it come back to the background of the European art market and thus losing its popularity. 'The British have always been peculiarly apologetic about their hometown talents, preferring instead to extort the virtues of their European and American counterparts.' (Woolmer, 2004) Only the recent ten years have become the note of the shift towards the attitudes in the British modern art and the Cork street is now becoming the principal distribution channel, earning serious profits on promoting British art, though only now the British masterpieces start to catch up with the European works of the same level in financial estimates. British art has always been noted to be 'underpriced' and only now the prices for the works of British modern art start to reach the level of their quality. For example, the gentle oil of Sennen Cove by Laura Knight was the real stir at

Comparative Study of Methods of Fetal Weight Estimation

Comparative Study of Methods of Fetal Weight Estimation INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of fetal weight in utero is important for the obstetrician to decide whether or not to deliver the fetus and also to decide the mode of delivery. Both low birth weight and excessive fetal weight at delivery are associated with increased risk of newborn complications during labor and the puerperium. Various clinical formulae like Johnson’s formula and Dawn’s formula have come into usage for fetal weight estimation. Another formula is the product of symphysiofundal height with abdominal girth in centimeters which gives a fairly good estimate of fetal weight. METHODS: It is a prospective observational study of 200 women at term pregnancy at a hospital.  Patients within 15 days from their Expected Date of Delivery were included in the study. The formulas used in this study are: JOHNSON’S FORMULA SYMPHYSIOFUNDAL HEIGHT X ABDOMINAL GIRTH (AG X SFH) DAWN’S FORMULA HADLOCK’S FORMULA USING ULTRASOUND. RESUTLS: There have been differing results about accuracy of various methods of estimating fetal weight. This study showed that AG X SFH was the best indicator among all other methods assessed followed by Hadlock’s formula by ultrasonographic method. CONCLUSION: Fundal height assessment is an inexpensive method for screening for fetal growth restriction. SFH measurement continues to be used in many countries on large scale because of its low cost, ease of use, and need for little training as the setup for ultrasonographic evaluation is not readily available in rural setups. KEYWORDS: Fetal Weight, At Term Pregnancy, Symphysiofundal Height, Ultrasonography, Newborn Complications INTRODUCTION Knowledge of fetal weight in utero is important for the obstetrician to decide whether or not to deliver the fetus and also to decide the mode of delivery. Both low birth weight and excessive fetal weight at delivery are associated with an increased risk of newborn complications during labor and the puerperium. The perinatal complications associated with low birth weight are attributable to preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or both. For excessively large fetuses, the potential complications associated with delivery include shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injuries, bony injuries, and intrapartum asphyxia. The maternal risks associated with the delivery of an excessively large fetus include birth canal and pelvic floor injuries and postpartum hemorrhage. The occurrence of cephalopelvic disproportion is more prevalent with increasing fetal size and contributes to both an increased rate of operative vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery for macrosomic fetuses compared with fetuses of normal weight. Estimation of fetal weight being done clinically has received much criticism for less accuracy due to observer variation. Various clinical formulae like Johnson’s formula and Dawn’s formula have come into usage for fetal weight estimation. Another formula is the product of symphysiofundal height with abdominal girth in centimeters which gives a fairly good estimate of fetal weight. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the fetal weight in term pregnancies by various methods- abdominal girth (cms) X symphysiofundal height (cms) AG X SFH, Johnson’s formula, Dawn’s formula and Hadlock’s formula using ultrasound, and to compare the methods after knowing the actual weight of the baby after birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS It is a prospective observational study of 200 women at term pregnancy at Dhiraj General Hospital, Vadodara from 1st June 2010 to 31st May 2011. Patients within 15 days from their Expected Date of Delivery were included in the study. Cases of MULTIPLE PREGNANCIES, OLIGO/POLYHYDRAMNIOS, MALPRESENTATIONS AND FIBROID OR ADNEXAL MASSES were excluded THE METHODS JOHNSON’S FORMULA SYMPHYSIOFUNDAL HEIGHT X ABDOMINAL GIRTH. DAWN’S FORMULA HADLOCK’S FORMULA USING ULTRASOUND. JOHNSON’S FORMULA: WEIGHT IN GRAMS = (SYMPHYSIOFUNDAL HEIGHT – x) X 155. Here symphysiofundal height is taken after correcting the dextrorotation, from the upper border of symphysis to the height of the fundus. station of the head was noted: x = 12 when head was at or above the level of the ischial spines x = 11 when head was below the level of ischial spines. AG X SFH: Weight in grams = abdominal girth (AG) x symphysiofundal height (SFH) (AG X SFH) Abdominal girth was measured at the level of umbilicus and symphysiofundal height as described earlier. DAWN’S FORMULA: WEIGHT IN GRAMS = Longitudinal diameter of the uterus x (transverse diameter of the uterus)2 x 1.44 2 HADLOCK’S FORMULA: After head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length were measured in centimeters, the sonography machine calculated the fetal weight. Fetal weight estimated by the above four methods was compared with the actual weight of the baby after birth. A comparative analysis of the four methods was done. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS TABLE I: WEIGHT WISE DISTRIBUTION TABLE II : AVERAGE ERROR IN CALCULATION OF FETAL WEIGHT IN VARIOUS GROUPS Average error in all fetal weight groups except in >3500 gms was least with AG X SFH closely followed by Hadlock’s ultrasound method. Average error in > 3500 gms group was least with Johnson’s formula. TABLE III : NUMBER OF CASES UNDERESTIMATED AND OVERESTIMATED IN VARIOUS FORMULAS Number of over and under-estimations in all fetal weight groups was calculated. AG X SFH and Dawn’s formula had a tendency to underestimate. The other 2 methods overestimated. In > 3500 gms group, all methods underestimated. TABLE IV : MAXIMUM ERROR IN ALL FETAL WEIGHT GROUPS Most marked with Dawn’s and least with AG X SFH. By both these methods maximum error was in the 3001- 3500 gms group. By Johnson’s formula, maximum error was in the TABLE V: PERCENTAGE ERROR IN VARIOUS METHODS Percentage error was calculated using: x/y x 100 x= error in grams y= birth weight in grams As seen in the table, 85.5% cases came within 15% of actual birth weight by both Hadlock’s and AG X SFH methods. As compared to only 50% and 63.5% by Dawn’s and Johnson’s formula, respectively. TABLE VI: STANDARD DEVIATION OF PREDICTION ERROR The standard deviation of prediction error was least with Hadlock’s formula, closely followed by AG X SFH. It is much higher with Dawn’s and Johnson’s formulae. The variance between the four methods was statistically different. p value DISCUSSION Birth weight is a key variable affecting fetal and neonatal morbidity, particu- larly in preterm and small-for-dates babies. In addition, it is of value in the management of breech presentations, diabetes mellitus, trial of labour, macrosomic fetuses and multiple births. Clinicians’ estimates of birth weight in term pregnancy were as accurate as routine ultrasound estimation in the week before delivery. Furthermore, parous women’s estimates of birth weight were more accurate than either clinical or ultrasound estimation. There have been differing results about the accuracy of the various methods of estimating fetal weight. This study showed that AG X SFH was the best indicator among all of the other methods assessed followed by Hadlock’s formula by ultrasonographic method. Other studies have reported limited accuracy of ultrasound EFW at term, particularly in macrosomic fetuses but over all accuracy of this formula is same for all infants. Equipped with information about the fetal weight the obstetrician managing labour is able to pursue sound obstetric management, reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality. Symphysiofundal height is one of the important clinical parameters taken for fetal weight estimation by AG X SFH, Johnson’s formula, Dawn’s formula. According to my study, Hadlock’s ultrasonographic method was the most accurate for estimating fetal weight. Of the three clinical methods, AG X SFH has better predictable results than the other 2 methods. AG X SFH, a clinical formula can be of great value in a developing country like ours where ultrasound is not available at many health care delivery centres. It is easy and simple, can be used even by midwives. With less errors AG X SFH is easier to apply by paramedical workers for the evaluation of fetal weight even in the rural setup as like our area of this study. By this study the results are suggesting that Hadlock’s formula has least standard deviation but it requires ultrasonographic evaluation. So after it, AG X SFH is the second most formula for estimation of featl weight which is clinically applicable and most reliable method in the absence of sonologic setup. CONCLUSION Fundal height assessment is an inexpensive method for screening for fetal growth restriction.1 Clinicians are biased in their fundal height measurements by knowledge of gestational age and use of a marked measuring tape. This tendency increases with higher patient BMI and with less provider experience.2 While we have yet to establish reliable tests to predict which pregnancies are at risk of developing IUGR, surveillance of fetal growth in the third trimester of pregnancy continues to be the mainstay for the assessment of fetal well-being. Such surveillance is done by regular fundal height assessment, ultrasound biometry or a combination of both methods.3 Relative growth of the SF height seems to be independent of fetal sex, maternal obesity and parity.4 There is disagreement in SFH measurement between observers regarding the ability to separate small fundal heights from those that are not small (Bailey 1989). This becomes an issue especially in a clinical setting where the pregnant woman sees more than one clinician during the course of her pregnancy. Despite this, SFH measurement continues to be used in many countries on a large scale simply because of its low cost, ease of use, and need for very little training.5 Ultrasound evaluation of fetal growth, behavior, and measurement of impedance to blood flow in fetal arterial and venous vessels form the cornerstone of evaluation of fetal condition and decision making.6 REFERENCES 1).Morse K, Williams A, Gardosi J (December 2009). â€Å" Fetal growth screening by fundal height measurment†. 2).Jelks A, Cifuentes R, Ross MG (October 2007) Clinician bias in fundal height measurement. 3).Gardosi Francis 1999, Morse et al 2009.  «Standardised protocol for measurment of symphysio fundal height » 4).Bergman E, Axelsson O, Kieler H, Sonesson C, Petzold M. Relative growth for estimation of intrauterine growth retardation. . Submitted. 2010. 5).Robert Peter J, Ho J, Valliapan J, Sivasangari S. Symphysial fundal measurement (SFH) in pregnancy for detecting abnormal fetal growth (Protocol). The Cochrane Library. 2009(Issue 4). 6).Resnik R. Intrauterine growth restriction. Obstet Gynecol. 2002 March.

Meeting Mila :: Children Personal Narrative Friendship Essays

Meeting Mila Children used to annoy me. They cried. They pooped. They cried some more. They yelled obvious questions at the movies, screamed constantly in the grocery store, and seemed to have an affinity for yelling out facts that the general public did not need to know (such as when in a department store, Bobby informs the sales clerk, "MOMMY SAYS MY BROTHER BILLY WAS AN ACCIDENT!") Furthermore, I had no idea how to deal with children. I was the youngest sibling in my family, and unlike most girls my age, I had never been a babysitter. All of that would change, however, when I met Mila. She would show me just how intelligent, honest, and wonderful children can be. It was around Valentine's Day when I met a strange and interesting young man named Jack. He was a writer, chain smoker, and lover of all cartoons -- especially those involving giant fighting robots. I was going to Topeka West High School, he was a freshman at Washburn University and despite our age difference, we clicked. He told me when we first met that he had a little girl, that her name was Mila, and that she was two years old. I like to think that the fact he had a child didn't freak me out, but it did. As a sixteen year old, I was too young to have to deal with a kid. Also, I was convinced that I didn't have the time or patience to spend time with both Jack and his daughter. Mila had a squinty-eyed smile that could lighten up my foulest mood. Her eyes were like a prized Husky's, a beautiful, piercing ice blue--just like her father's. Her hair was so blond, it was white. It amazed me (and still does) that so much beauty could be bundled into such a small package. I noticed right away that she also had his ears--they stuck out from the sides of her head just like his, but hers were more feminine, with earrings adorning her tiny lobes. At first, she was shy around me. (Of course, back then, she hadn't mastered opening doors yet, and oh, how that's changed!) But over the weekends she spent at Jack's house, I became "Her Sara." She started becoming more comfortable around me when I began driving Jack to Lawrence to pick her up and then driving back with her in tow.

Two English language programmes implemented in school

As general cognition English is of import linguistic communication in our life particularly in Malaysia instruction. In Malaysia pupils learn to listen, talk, read and compose in English. Therefore, the English Reading Corner and Contemporary Literature Programme are implementing in my school, SJKC KUO KUANG, Skudai, Johor. English Reading Corner, a corner in each category, school fix some reading stuffs such as fiction or non-fiction narrative books, lexicon, large books, magazines, newspaper and so on. Students allow to read the reading stuffs while they are free in the category or break clip. Contemporary Literature Programme, a programme under Education Department of our authorities. This is particularly for Year 4 to Year 6 students to read the literature books. The intent of this study is to present two English programme and province out the manner of implementing of the two programmes are keeping in my school.2.0 Contemporary Literature Programme2.1 Purposes and AimsThere are two purposes of the Contemporary Literature Programme. As First, to assist students better their English through reading simple fiction. Second, to supply a continue for the literature constituent introduced in secondary school. There are six Numberss of aims of the Contemporary Literature Programme. By the terminal of their primary schooling, students should be able: To transfuse and all the reading wont among students. To enrich students ‘ vocabulary and linguistic communication content. To heighten students ‘ thought accomplishments. To advance cultural apprehension in the Malayan context. To better English Language proficiency of students. To develop good imaginativeness.2.2 DurationThe Contemporary Literature Programme was carried out whole twelvemonth for pupil twelvemonth 4, 5 and 6. For the teaching period on SJKC, we utilizing 1 English linguistic communication period every two weeks to learn students read their narrative book which is provide.2.3 Target GroupThe Contemporary Literature Programme is mark on pupil Year 4, 5 and 6. No affair that they are good pupil or bad pupil they must develop in this programme. This programme precedence for under accomplishing schools and rural schools. The book chosen for each set are 40 % fiction books and 60 % non-fiction books. The full Student ‘s accomplishment will be recorded in Reading cards or books.2.4 Report on executionWith the implemented of the Contemporary Literature Programme, Our school design the programme based on 3 space. First, the intensive reading programme based on 3 prescribed texts per twelvemonth. Second, Genres consist of short narratives and ve rse forms. Third, every pupil provide with 3 books, with the premise that a pupil will be able to finish 1 book in 3 months. In our school we select the books which are suited for our pupil ; we choose the books based on 5 considerations. That is the subjects and rubrics that appeal to 10-12 twelvemonth olds, suited garrison size, and good quality paper. Beside this, taking suited linguistic communication for both rural and urban pupil is of import to increase their involvement. Last, choose the interesting plot line with embedded moral values so that they can go on to read. This programme is running on schoolroom clip that is structured into 3 phases, which is Pre-reading, While- reading and Post-reading. Because of we be aftering complete 1 book in 3 months so usually we separate it in one phase per month. We design the phase of reading in four instruction program and English instructor must province down all the activity they are be aftering. Teacher ever spend the clip steering with the students either as a whole category or in groups and students are non asked to get down with reading on their ain before they are ready. Here, I will describe on some activity ever been utilizing by English instructor to success this programme. In Pre-reading phase, Teacher will inquire students present the book screen, title page and besides ISBN page. Discuss artworks on the front screen of the book with students and inquire students to foretell the rubric of the narrative. Then, teacher will inquire students predict plot lines based on the given outline and where the narrative takes topographic point. Following, teacher introduces subjects utilizing object or image stimulations to association of thoughts and questionnaires on subjects in the reader. Beside this, instructor will discourse with students about the background information, such as, the writer ‘s life, finishing information grid utilizing writer ‘s life. Last, teacher introduces linguistic communication and vocabulary points before start reading to do them experience comfy when While-reading phase particularly hapless pupil. For illustration, inquire students happen out the hard word or vocabulary they are non understand the significance, so inquire them construct into group and happen out the significance utilizing dictionary by themself. In the 2nd phase of instruction, it is called that While-reading phase. This phase is of import to assist students understand the book. At the first, students will be given appropriate entry points in the narrative for them to foretell the narrative. Some instructor prefer allow their students speaking about the scene of the narrative and students fix a clip line in group to allow them understand the narrative. Following, instructor besides will inquire students to foretell results, instructor can accept all the reply if it is in the scope of acceptable. Teacher helps pupils to understand the plot line with prepare a narrative map in the group. Then, Teacher and students must speak about the characters in the narrative to place the characters and their features. Besides that, they can speak about the events in the narrative and role-play the events in the narrative and other students inquire to reply some simple inquiries to do certain they understand the events of the narrative. Las t, pupils ask to re-tell portion of the narrative in one ‘ ain word to better their assurance while speaking. In the last phase, Post-reading activities are carried out after students have read the whole book. It is sound like contemplation. They are to research beyond the text by utilizing the text as a footing. The activity etc. reassign information from the text into a notice, an advertizement or a missive. Teacher will assist students develop their critical and originative thought accomplishments such as ask students talk about one ‘s favourite event in the narrative. Teacher will be develop pupils composing accomplishments from book reappraisal or do a pagination in group. Besides that, Some instructor like to inquire students do the vocabulary edifice activities to group words harmonizing to classs to assist them maintain in memory.2.5 Strengths and failings of ProgrammeThe execution of Contemporary Literature Programme was success. The students can read at the terminal of category. However, there were some strength and failings found when transporting out this programme. Strengths of the Contemporary Literature Programme are we work hard to taking suited book for pupil to promote they read more on clip to clip. Teacher steering the pupil in schoolroom clip so that when they have job of reading or Confuse the significance of the word instructor can work out the job on the topographic point to heighten the effectivity of learning. Beside this, pupils reading in category with their schoolmate can increase the feelings between friends and they will experience Learning are non entirely. They besides love the activity like games, crossword mystifier, it can do they experience that this clip of reading is different in other period, is like playing non analyze, but they study when they are playing. Unfortunate every programme has failings. After us running in school we recognize that this programme merely reading in schoolroom is good but non plenty for our pupil they are more interested in singing and moving. And the continuance of this programme is non plenty because when we utilizing 1 English linguistic communication period every two weeks is merely do them read a few book merely. Now a twenty-four hours, our pupil largely involvement in Virtual universe like cyberspace or on-line games more that reading books, if we maintaining utilizing old manner to learning we become disused in the hereafter.2.6 Suggestions and recommendationsIn order to do Contemporary Literature Programme successful in the hereafter, I would wish to give some suggestions and recommendations. First, it is suggested that the continuance of Contemporary Literature Programme to be teach in 1 period per hebdomad same with SK. That will enable students reading more books and instructor can make more activit y with students excessively. Second, activity of instruction can be more interesting and different types of activity such as moving the characters, holding little competition and given some present to promote preform more active in category or holding a marionette show and so on. I am certain that interested activity will be more attractive. Last, instructors should utilize information engineering in their schoolrooms illustration teacher utilizing PowerPoint or flash to demo the outline of the book, secret plan, subject or characters briefly, I think this is the manner to raise the involvement of students, and students will be more dressed ore in our instruction, more response from students mean that our programme is success and meaningful.3.0 English Reading Corner Programme3.1 Purposes and AimsThe purpose of English Reading Corner is to develop involvement of reading English Language stuffs among students and consolidate their basic linguistic communication from age of seven. While reading the stuffs, students learn the accomplishments of reading, speech production, composing and grammar from the related activities. There are seven Numberss of aims of the English Reading Corner. By the terminal of their primary schooling, students should be able: To promote students pass on in English while they are giving their feeling. To better spelling while students composing the reading studies. To consolidate the BASIC of English and grammar accomplishment. To heighten the bravery speaking and showing their reading study to audience. To develop reading intelligence among students. To transfuse moral values. To enrich students ‘ vocabulary and linguistic communication content.3.2 DurationThe English Reading Corner was carried out whole twelvemonth in our school from the 1s t twenty-four hours student in school. Students are reading all sort of reading stuffs while they are free in schoolroom, after instructor ‘s teaching period, after completing their prep or at the interruption clip. Teachers spend some times to prepaid for this corner and doing some activities after their text edition instruction in category.3.3 Target GroupThe English Reading Corner Programme is target on all the students in school ( Year 1 to Year 6 ) . The English instructors of every category as a coach for the students to promote them to read, to compose, to describe and doing some activities after the students reading a book or intelligence. Besides of instructors as a coach, the better students can be a coach to assist those schoolmates who do non understand while they are reading. Students can larn each other to acquire new information and cognition.3.4 Report on executionThere will hold many sorts of reading stuffs in the English Reading Corner, such as narrative books, large books, magazines, newspapers, dictionary and so on. All of these reading stuffs are taking out from school library or patrons by students. The English Language Panel in school will discourse in the English Language meeting and so taking the suited reading stuffs before the school start. The Story book and large book is taking from school library based on criterion of our pupil. The newspapers – â€Å" New Straits Times † or â€Å" The Star † or magazines are sponsor by each category students. They bring from their place to portion the information with their friend in category. Students are allow and promote to read these reading stuffs while they are free in the schoolroom, after instructor ‘s teaching period, after completing their prep or at the interruption clip. English teacher as a coach are ready to assist the students who meet jobs while they are reading. Apart from this, the first-class pupils besides can be the coach and assisting their schoolmates who meet jobs. There are dictionary in the corner. Junior students like Year 1 pupil can utilize it to larn how to utilizing dictionary and senior students can utilizing it to look into the vocabulary that they are non understood. Teacher will name a group of pupil to manage this English corner, responsibility of them is make certain the corner clean and tidy, assisting schoolmate while they are holding job. And need to mend when book are rake or breakage. Sometimes, after the text edition instruction in an English Language period, instructors will doing some interesting activities such as story-telling, recite verse form, brainstorming of IQ inquiries, crossword mystifier and so on in the English Reading Corner. There are some activities can make in the corner. First, pupils read a short narrative or an article from magazine or newspaper. After that, the pupils can state the narrative to their friends, portion their narrative each other. Then, teacher guides the pupils to do a study or speaking about their feeling in forepart of the category. This can heighten their bravery while speaking and showing the reading study to the audience. At the interim, instructor encourages others students to inquire some inquiries or speak about their sentiment related to the study or feeling. So, a conversation is making between the students and instructor. These can better their speech production and listening accomplishments. Besides, teacher guides the students to associate the study or feeling with the moral values. This is one of the manner instructors can transfuse the moral values to the students and bring forth a good attitude coevals. Second, after students reading in the corner, they are composing a study and go through up to their instructors. In their reading study, they need to do a decision sing what they had read. From the decision, students have to name out the rubric of book or article, what they have learned and what the moral values in the narrative or an article from newspaper or magazine. Virtually, students are larning the good attitude to form their thoughts. This is besides bettering their authorship, spelling and grammar accomplishments.3.5 Strengths and failingsThe English Reading Corner was success. All the instructors and parents gave to the full support and cooperation. Students are bettering in their hearing, speech production, reading, composing and grammar. Students can pass on in English. The worst students can talk in simple and short sentences excessively. Their authorship accomplishments improve twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Their betterment makes them go more assurance and som e of them start to love English. They feel proud when communicate eloquence in English. And experiencing glorious because of household and friends praised. Students get more cognition after reading newspaper in the English Reading Corner. This type of cognition non merely from school input but worldwide. Students can larn the new words and vocabulary after reading the narrative and look intoing the significance utilizing the lexicon. The failings of this programme, instructors lack of times because they need more times to steer students to speak, to believe, to give sentiment in the English Reading Corner besides of their day-to-day instruction to cover the text edition and workbook course of study. In SJKC, there are non more than 6 periods of English period in a hebdomad. Teachers truly do n't hold adequate clip to run this programme swimmingly. The reading stuffs are one of the failings. Story books in school are non plenty and some of the stuffs are non suited for the Year 1 to Year 3 pupils. Most of the narrative books are non interesting as they have no colourss, no images and full page of article. These make students experience bored on them. Dictionary, every English Reading Corner merely got one lexicon. A category of pupils portions a lexicon, that truly non plenty.3.6 Suggestions and recommendationsIn order to do the English Reading Corner more eloquence in future, instructors can pass some times after school to transport on this programme. We can set up the clip and do a timetable, so that is convenience to the students and instructors to remain back after school. Then, instructors can concentrate and cover their learning while in category. Besides that, we besides need to hold some account with parent to allow them understand that and set up their timetable to pick up their kid. Second, I suggest that school can utilizing the instruction fund or PIBG fund to purchase more interesting reading stuffs that are suited for primary school pupils particularly Year 1 to Year 3 students. The books must be colourful and full of attractive images such as large books. The juniors prefer that sort of books really much because large books give nice ocular effects and the narrative lines are attractive. Even the seniors besides like this sort of book really much. Dictionaries are much needed excessively. A lexicon is the good assistant in student survey live.4 DecisionIt is hoped that the English Reading Corner Programme and Contemporary Literature Programme that is implementing by the English Language Panel of my school, SJKC KUO KUANG, Skudai, Johor can be benefitted by all pupils form Year 1 to Year 6 ; no affair they are superb or weak pupil. Hope that every student in my school can read right, listen clearly, speak assurance and good written. Based on the failings and recommendations, the English Language Panel of my school besides hope that to foster better the English Reading Corner Programme and Contemporary Literature Programme in twelvemonth 2012 in order to do usage of English Language more seeable in our school.States the intent and outlines the content of the study compactly at the start. Historical background is so provided. Clear, well-organised Table of Contentss.