Essay --

The novel The Kite runner portrays a report card of a boy named Amir who emotionally struggles through life and creates and breaks bonds that he neer knew he was capable of. The novel helps the reader understand how manhood, political war and friendship influence Amirs life and his experiences. Amir is faced with a portion out of problems where he has to make decisions independently, which have consequences and outcomes that all become a learning experiences for him. Throughout his childhood, he is forced to live in Afghanistan, a area which politically deteriorated as Amir grew older. Amirs household consisted of Baba, Hassan and Ali. Hassan and his cause Ali were Hazaras who worked for Amirs Baba as servants but his father never treat them instead he treated Hassan and Ali as family. In Afghanistan, Hazaras were social outcasts in Amirs society and were considered amongst the lowest in the Afghan company system. However, within the walls of Babas home, this ridiculous caste and status notion did not exist and Amir was taught to treat them as equals and consider Hassan as his own comrade as Baba would also treat him like his own son. Throughout the novel Amirs struggle to get lamb and approval from his own father became real as it lead him to become emotionally and physically confused and frustrated. As Amir always wished he made himself a promise for Baba because Id bring it home and show it to Baba. Show him once and for all that his son was worthy (Hosseini, 60). The trouble of going through manhood had put a lot of stress on Amir as he constantly worried about being good enough for his father. As seen as a disaster in the eyes of his father Amir tried day by day to prove to his father that he was capable of doing more t... ...t was too after-hours for Amir to do anything. Life struggles that add to the internal strife that Amir finds, due to his guilt, are put in such a fashion that you feel them yourself as you read. By the end of this boo k you feel as if you have walked along those alleyways, crouched behind that crumbling mud wall, and witnessed the horror that was Amirs and Hassans. (cite?)The kite runner is a story about a boy who struggles to find himself within his cultural community. Amir is faced with many political and social barriers that force him to constantly please others sort of than himself. The importance the book dictates about babas approval goes to show just how desperate a young boy could become for his fathers love and attention. The kite runner is a book that helps explain the importance of familial ties and the values of having a close bond with loved ones.

Romeo And Juliet - Comparisson To West Side Story Essay -- essays rese

The play West Side romance, by Arthur Laurents, is based upon the play Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare. Despite a few contraventions, two works, in essence, bring the same plot. The reference of violence in Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story is the ever-present hatred between families and between gangs, although, because of the "star-crossd approvers" base in Romeo and Juliet, the hatred plays a larger role in producing the ending of West Side Story than it does the ending of Romeo and Juliet. The tension and hatred between gangs in West Side Story has a drastic affect on Maria and Tonys relationship as well as on the essence of the play. Because of the hatred between their respective gangs, Tony and Maria are not able to meet or even talk in public - they must do it secretly. Also, Bernardo and Riff are strong focuses of hate. They cannot see past their blind hatred for each other. Because of this, both of them, as well as Tony, are killed in the "rum ble." Anitas hatred for the Jets is fueled by their treatment of her at Docs candy store. This influences her to tell them that Maria is dead, thus affecting the ending of the play. Chino is another source of hatred. When Tony kills Bernardo, Chino is driven by the need for revenge and he kills Tony. In order to fully understand the plot of West Side Story, one must have an understanding of the nature of gangs in the 1950s and know the reasons for their actions. Between 1941 and 1956, more than 500,000 Puerto Ricans moved to major cities in the U.S. such as New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Cleveland. The majority of them lived in poor areas of their city. Puerto Rican gangs formed so that they could protect themselves from prejudiced Americans. Many people took advantage of the immigrants poor social status. For example, Bernardo says, "And Chino makes half what the Polack makes - the Polack is American" (Laurents 165) Youth agencies and youth boards think that most gangs formed because of the poverty, disease, and racism present in the ghetto. Gangs, which were usually made up of teenagers, fought over girls, territory (otherwise known as "turf"), and racial matters. Italian, Jewish, and Irish gangs were worried that the Puerto Ricans were taking over their "turf". "Turf" could range... ...and Juliet, when they marry, must marry secretly because of the feud. However, Maria and Tony do not marry, although they do perform a scoff wedding. Another example of a difference is that Anita purposely tells the Jets that Maria is dead because of her hatred for them. But when Balthasar tells Romeo that Juliet is dead, he does it without knowing that it isnt true. The last major difference between the two works is the death of the heroine. Juliet kills herself because she knows that her Romeo is dead and she cannot live without him. However, Maria is left alive at the end of West Side Story. It is almost as though she does not di e so that she can accuse society of its prejudicial attitude against the Puerto Ricans and reveal everyones role in her and Tonys love story. As it is with any work that is based on something else, it is the differences as well as the similarities that make both the original and the inspired appealing. Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story continue to portray the common themes of hatred and violence. However, because Juliet and Romeos relationship is so altered by fate, they are less affected by the violence in their society than Tony and Maria are.

What is Passover? Essay -- essays research papers fc

What is Passover? Its History and TraditionsPassover is one of the oldest festivals in the world. This festival falls in spring, in the first month of the Hebraical year, called Nisan (March-April), and lasts for eight days, from the fifteenth to the twenty-third. It commemorates the release of the Israelites from Egypt and the fact that God passed over their houses when he sought the first-born in that land.According to the Bible, the story of Passover runs as follows. A group of Hebrews cognise as the sons of Jacob came down from Canaan towards Egypt. They settled under a benevolent regime, where they were made slaves and set to work, building the cities of Pithum and Raamses. The pharaoh ordered all the Hebrew sons to be killed at birth. A Hebrew mother move her infant child into a box and placed him in the Nile River, to escape the pharaohs decree. The Pharaohs daughter build this Hebrew baby, called him Moses, took him home and raised him. One day, he saw a brutal attack up on a Hebrew by an Egyptian overseer fierce by the attack Moses killed the Egyptian. Fearing to be killed for killing an Egyptian, he fled to Midian, where he married the daughter of a local priest. On one occasion while attend the sheep of his father-in-law on Mount Horeb, Moses witnessed a spectacle of a burning bush. This bush seemed some how not to consume. Wondering what was happening, he came closer to the bush and the local god Yahweh (Jehovah) told him that the Israelites were suffering, and that he had been chosen to release them from Egypt and lead them to the paradisal land, what is known now as Palestine and Syria. Moses had to introduce Jehovah to the Israelites, and after they had adopted him, he had to go to the Pharaoh and pass along the release of the people. To show that it was indeed Jehovah, who had spoken to Moses, Moses was furnished with three magical credentials. First, his staff was turned into a serpent and then reverted to its normal shape. Second, when he placed his hand under his sleeve, it became leprous and then it recovered when he removed it. Third, he was told that if the people persisted in questioning his mission, he was to give them visible induction by turning water from the Nile into blood before their eyes.As commissioned, ... ...ortance, enabling the person to be aware of gratitude, and to widen an individuals perspective of himself/herself in relation to his/her fellow human beings. The Feast of Freedom, called Passover, is an example of a meaningful story showing Gods intent to convey a equilibrate between the Hebrews self concerns and the concerns of their enemies, as God reminds the Hebrew to pray for the fallen Egyptians army and the slain first-borns of the Egyptian families. Passovers concept of freedom is not scarce a cause for celebration, but also a strong lesson in the value of how a person should lead oneself or a group should conduct itself to other human beings.BibliographyBulka, Reuven P. What you thought you knew about Judaism. Jason Aronson Inc. Northvale, New Jersey. 1989Cardozo, Arlene Rossen Jewish Family Celebrations. St. Martins Press, New York . 1982Fredman, Ruth Gruber The Passover Seder. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1981Goodman, Philip The Passover Anthology. The Jewish Publication Society of America. Philadelphia. 1971Sohn, Seock-tae The Divine preference of Israel. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1991

Themes in Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay -- American Literature

Themes in Sonnys Blues by James BaldwinAfter nurture the short story Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin, I find there are dickens major thoughts that Baldwin is trying to convey, suffering and irony. The first theme that he brings out and tries to get the reader to understand is the theme of suffering. The second theme that the author illustrates is the theme of irony. James Baldwin writes about two Afri poop-American pals developing up in Harlem, a black ghetto in New York, during the 1950s. During this time black raft were forced to live in a world of prejudice, discrimination, scantiness and suppression. The life of a black person was very difficult many opportunities afforded to whites were not afforded to blacks. Sonny and his brother lived in the projects and had many obstacles to overcome that white people didnt film to. Sonny chose music to outwardly express his suffering, his brother chose to bottle it up and keep it inside, notwithstanding this is the common thre ad they twain shared. Suffering is similarly shown in the story when Baldwin says it came to me that what we both were seeking through our separate cab windows was that part of ourselves which had been left rear (P 47). I think this quote means that both Sonny and his older brother want to retrieve some of their past so that it can help them cope with what has happened in their lives. If Sonny and his brother can both cope with what has happened in their lives and get over it, I think t they both can start moving forward and putting this behind them.I feel having Sonnys brother narrate the story in the first person is Baldwins way of telling us that Sonnys brother is also suffering but inside, unlike Sonny who takes drugs and sings the blues. Sonnys ... ...s and work together to form a loving relationship.In conclusion, the short story Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin brings out two main themes irony and suffering. You can actually feel the pain that Baldwins characters exp erience and distinguish the two different lifestyles of siblings brought up in the same environment. The older brother remaining nameless is a fabulous touch that really made me want to read on. This really piqued my interest and I feel it can drag to many discussions on why this technique was used. I really enjoyed this story it was a fast and enjoyable reading. Baldwin keeps his readers thinking and talking long after they have finished reading his stories. His writing technique is an art, which very few, if any, can duplicate. Works CitedBaldwin, James. Sonnys Blues in Vintage Baldwin. New York Vintage, 2004.

The Wife of Bath’s Tale and The Clerk’s Tale Essay -- The Canterbury Ta

The life sentence so short, the craft so long to learn (Famous Quotes). The Canterbury Tales is enriched with human-centred merit that allows the ratifier to sharpen his or her own craft of life. Specifically, The Wife of Baths Tale and The Clerks Tale are embodied with multiple struggles of life that pertain to life in the present. Despite seven centuries of society constantly evolving, the two stories plots can still be further analyzed through alike themes about relationships that pertain to modern society and how rhetorical strategy allows the audience to relate to the narrative characters. The two tales, told by the Wife of Bath and the Clerk in The Canterbury Tales, have parallel plots. The Wife of Baths Tale begins with a lusty knight standing before his kings court because of unsportsmanlike acts he committed with a young maiden. Before the king can execute the knight, the queen objects and offers that the knights life is spared if he can maintain the answer to wha t women really want. The knight embarks on his journey to discover the answer (The Wife of Baths Tale 167-68). Similarly, The Clerks Tale takes patch in the kingdom of Saluzzo, Italy under the control of Walter, the marquis. The people of Saluzzo eagerly advised Walter to find a wife to ensure an heir to the throne. Walter finally finds the standard, beautiful char in poverty named Griselda. She values hard work and humility, and Walter chooses to marry her. However, she must take a vow to Walter never to complain and to be loyal patronage whatever the future may bring. Both plots revolve around the noble class and the differences among the social structure of the time because of the variety of characters portrayed in apiece tale. The two tales plots are d... ...est of trust however, the two tales themes and rhetorical strategies allow the reader to create their own opinions on the many issues depicted in the stories. The same humanistic merit of the 14th Century still a ffects us today and may even question some of our own morals or outlook on life. Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Trans. Peter Ackroyd. newfound York Viking, 2009. Print.The Clerks Tale. The Canterbury Tales. New York Viking, 2009. . Web. Jan & Feb. 2012.The Life so Short, the Crafts... at BrainyQuote. Famous Quotes at BrainyQuote. Web. 07 Feb. 2012. .The Wife of Baths Tale. The Canterbury Tales. New York Viking, 2009. . Web. Jan. & Feb. 2012.The Wife of Baths Prologue. The Canterbury Tales. New York Viking, 2009. . Web. Jan. & Feb. 2012.

Perfect Competition V. Monopolies :: essays research papers

In the American Economy, barter is controlled by the government and the consumer. When a person is the owner of a personal line of credit that is alone in its product that it provides for the consumer, it is said to be a monopoly. As a monopoly you have sole control over price. Monopolies are regulated by the government in order to prevent the misuse of power that a monopoly has.If a person can only get turkey, for example from one store. thence the store can charge a lot more for that turkey than it could if the store next door was selling it too because then there would be competition. Also, the store would not have to produce a better quality of turkey because there would be no reason for it to do so. In this event the consumer is taken unfair advantage of by the business owner, in this case the store.Government regulates monopolies to promote a perfect competition economy and to get relieve of the turkey situation discussed above. The benefits of a perfect competition econom y benefit consumers. For example, if we go back to the store, in a perfect competition economy any of the stores have turkey. Now the stores want to make sure that the turkey that they sell is the best turkey and cost the least. In this situation they are competing for the consumers business.However, business owners of a monopoly situation disagree with the government. When there is a business that has the potential to become a monopoly the government watches it very closely and the business has to go through with(predicate) the government for mergers and such. The more the business becomes a monopoly, the more the government says no to the businesss requests. For example, there is Microsoft. The government has been working to keep Microsoft from being the self-aggrandising business that it is today.

Perfect Competition V. Monopolies :: essays research papers

In the American Economy, blood is controlled by the government and the consumer. When a person is the proprietor of a business that is alone in its product that it provides for the consumer, it is said to be a monopoly. As a monopoly you have sole control over price. Monopolies be regulated by the government in order to prevent the misuse of power that a monopoly has.If a person can only get turkey, for utilization from one store. Then the store can charge a lot more for that turkey than it could if the store next door was selling it too because hence there would be tilt. Also, the store would not have to produce a better quality of turkey because there would be no reason for it to do so. In this situation the consumer is taken unfair advantage of by the business owner, in this case the store.Government regulates monopolies to promote a perfect competition economic system and to get rid of the turkey situation discussed above. The benefits of a perfect competition economy bene fit consumers. For example, if we go back to the store, in a perfect competition economy all of the stores have turkey. Now the stores want to make sure that the turkey that they sell is the best turkey and cost the least. In this situation they be competing for the consumers business.However, business owners of a monopoly situation disagree with the government. When there is a business that has the potential to become a monopoly the government watches it very closely and the business has to go through the government for mergers and such. The more the business becomes a monopoly, the more the government says no to the businesss requests. For example, there is Microsoft. The government has been working to defy Microsoft from being the big business that it is today.

BMW’S Dream Factory & Culture Essay

1. Describe the culture of BMW.Organizational culture is an idea in the field of Organizational studies. A culture is derived through the individual experiences, attitudes, shargond values or common perceptions that atomic number 18 held by each member of an geological formation. Organizational culture affects such outcomes as productivity, performance, commitment, self confidence, and honourable behavior. Within the auto industry, Bavarian Motor Works, or BMW recently chose to create a paradigm shift from a divisional style of leadership to an perfect business. A value system has evolved within the organization that drives passion, which in turn brings forth energy and ownership from leadership to associates of the phoner.Founded in 1916 by a merger of two companies Rapp Motoren Werke and Gustav Flugmaschinefabrik, its origins as a c eitherer specialized in airplane engines, thus creating the inspiration for its current logo, introduced in 1920, the circular design of an air craft propeller. BMW is a company with a hierarchy, but the decisions are do at the level where capability rests. The decisions that are made in the company are a case of informal net fakes, along with numerous brain storming sessions. Department managers have the ability to decide without a committee which omits needless bureaucracy. Regardless of your personal line of credit title all levels work together to create ideas to better the brand and product.2. Discuss the put of leadership illustrated at BMW and the related cushion on the organizational culture.Management at BMW is vital to the ultimate viability of the organization. In 1997, BMW chose to change their leadership style from classic to organic. This change was due in part to the leadership at BMW recognizing the value of the employees and listening totheir ideas. The company chose to cultivate their own career managers from within the organization and not hiring any top executives from outside the business unless special needs were presented and an internal hire was not possible (Avery, G. C. 2004). BMWs structure is based on teams which include a supervisory board consisting of 21 members. The board of management consists of 10 members, and there are several other networks of teams which are all self managing. At the companys assembly line, the culture of being visionary changed the hierarchical leadership model to teams that independently solve problems and make decisions. BMW has adopted a concept of having visionary leadership where Avery, G. C. (2004) contends that the companys move from a hierarchical culture made its leadership to move closer to its employees, which in turn made the workers take ownership of how the organization works and operates in business matters. Teamwork and collaboration have gravel the corporate culture of BMW since this new style of leadership has taken effect.3. Analyze why employees derive high job satisfaction at BMW, using the concepts illustrated in the job characteristics model (see chapter 5).BMW has enjoyed tremendous success as the ultimate driving machine, but it was the culture of BMW that drove the roadmap for decorum of its employees. The company determined that to take care the needs of the business it needed to use various models of reinforcements to motivate the employees thus creating a culture of receptiveness, incentive, and confidence (Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. 2010) The same culture gave its employees high job satisfaction with its inclusiveness and job ownership impression. Employees have a clear idea of the mission that has to be accomplished. Hellriegel and Slocum (2010, p. 140), contend in their analysis of the job characteristics model that If all three psychological states are positive, a reinforcing cycle of strong work motivation on self-generated rewards are activated. A job without meaningfulness, responsibility, and feedback is incomplete and doesnt strongly motivate an employee. BMW chose to empower their workers by using material rewards which translated into a new make plan. The company offers the best salaries to the employees along with health benefits that make legitimate of employees motivation being always high at the work. The culture at BMW allowsemployees to feel they are valued and that their ideas are appreciated.4. Discuss the attributes of organizational creativity that are fostered at BMW.BMWs organizational creativity produced a business model focused on excellence and vision. Establishing an enterprising work culture includes various factors to be considered, with BMW focusing on expecting their employees to think in entrepreneurial terms, self managed, and inventive ways which benefit all problematical. The company demanded that this type of creativity in an organization could foster a working side by side approach that produced a rebranding of mindset in the quality of open door communication in its corporate culture. Until the new system was impl emented, employees were paid whether they worked or not, but using the new organic culture, employees earned vacation time for working longer hours. The pay off of this system produced workers who had tendencies of being more consistent in their learned behavior because of this reward system. (Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. 2010).5. Discuss how the culture and work environment impact the performance results of BMW.BMWs visionary goal was to accelerate performance, job satisfaction, and increase their bottom line. With a revamped organic culture, BMW provided a positive work place, rewarded and recognized it employees, and involved and increase employee engagement. By developing the skills of its workforce and by promoting from within, and most importantly continued to evaluate and make improvements the company saw overall increased profitability. The result of ordinary business activity in the BMW automobile segment was up by 5.1% to 2.106 million euro in 1997. The financial s ervices division was successful, sales increased by 6.6% (Kasperskaya, Y. 1999). The implementation of BMWs corporate culture took vision, acceptance, and dedication. The responsibility for change and performance improvement rests squarely on the shoulders of leaders at all levels. A motivating environment is one that gives workers a sense of pride in what they do.ReferencesAvery, G. C. (2004). Understanding Leadership. London Sage. Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J W, Jr. (2010). BUS520 Organizational 2010 custom edition. (12th ed.)Mason, OH South-Western Centrage Learning.http//www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development-teambuilding/800-1htmlKasperskaya, Y. (1999) Case hire of the 1999 BMW Group

Interpersonal Skills

According to Investigated, inter soulfulnessal skills atomic number 18 skills apply by a person to properly interact with others. In the business domain, the term gener solelyy refers to an employees ability to initiate along with others composition getting the job through with(p). Interpersonal skills include e sincerething from dialogue and listening skills to attitude and deportment. Good interpersonal skills are a prerequisite for some(prenominal) positions in an organization. (http//www. Investigated. Com/terms/I/interpersonal-skills. SP) My Interpersonal skills Communication- I believe conference Is vital In everything we do, from relationships to the workforce. I am efficient when I am talking to customers or my coworkers. Conflict- rather It may be In my home or the workplace, I Just take a deep breath and analyze the whole situation. I do what I domiciliate to resolve the conflict, because tension unless makes the job wakelesser. Anger- I am non easily enraged. I am very self-disciplined and was raised in a good terra firma. Have big(p) work ethics and I know how to toilet with situations that may hearm to be crawling up a wall.I always stay calm. Teamwork- I attend you cant always work alone, so I am as well very productive with working in teams and making sure that the team and myself can et everything do and that they can also depend on me. Decisive- I can make good decisions when something doesnt go as planned. Inter Skills Self-Assessment So tell me ab turn up yourself? I am a hard worker and there Is nothing that leave mute me down. I had a daughter at an early age of my career and some would say that stops you or slows you down from organism able to follow your dream.Well for me It TLD. I wanted to make sure she had everything she get hold ofed, so I worked hard to become an electrician as soon as I graduated from high school and from there on in my manner I however(prenominal) pursued more knowledge and a higher educ ation. I expanded my horizon to get where I am today and I am muted moving forward. What is your greatest weakness? My greatness weakness is that Im very detail oriented so I some durations spend too much time on one thing. What is your greatest strength? I have great work ethics. When you need me I am there.I make sure my work is done in a professional manner and clean, which sometimes may be time consuming. Tell me about your work history? I have only had three Jobs my whole life. Eve never been a Job bouncer. Started working at transonic soon as I was legal to work. I went to vetch while attending high school to be an electrician, my teacher trusted In my work and my ability to be a good electrician so as soon as I graduated from high school, he assemble in the good word at the became a security technician. What were your responsibilities? At sonic I worked hard and long hours and became a cook leader.As an electrician I put in receptacles, bent pipe, and pulled wire. As a secu rity technician I do Access Control, Networking, CATV, Burglary, and Fire Why do you want this Job? I want to be in my career doing something that I will love for the stop of my life. Being able to grow and learn as much as I can and one day be able to teach others. non only that, but making sure my family is secure as well. Challenge and everyplacecome Intellectual Me talent When life seems to get unbearable, I listen to my intellectual rather than letting my emotions or feelings run me.The Future This strength will allow others to trust me when no one else may be able to dole out a situation. Challenge I sometimes get frustrated with others when they let their emotions run wild. whip I will try to understand others more and their background before Judging them, not as a errors, but Just how they handle problems in their life. Moral Me Strength I have a very strong work ethic. I akin to prove to my boss and coworkers that they can always depend on me and they dont ever have to worry about me not completing the Job.The Future This strength will continue to open more doors for my future. Challenge I sometimes spend too much time trying to make Jobs to perfection, so more time is wasted. Overcome I plan to work at a faster pace, but make sure everything is in order and that I do not miss any steps. Cultural Me Strength I am not ashamed of where I came from and Im not panic-stricken to show others just because of my ethnicity, does not mean I can achieve greatness. The Future I will work hard to be great at what I do and populate will know Im proud of who I am and where Im from.Challenge Somewhere there is always someone will Judge you. Overcome I will not let it bother me, I will always prove them wrong. Visionary Me Strength I always visualize where I want to be in the future and how am I going to do it. With God Eve been successful so far. The Future I see myself being where I want to be from the hard work and planning that Eve been doing my whole li fe. Challenge There is always an obstacle that may slow me down. Overcome I always find a way to get past it, because I always realize how far Eve made it in the here and now, and to where I want to be in the future.Physical Me Strength Im very athletic. I love to work out and maintain a strong physical remains and healthy lifestyle. The Future I plan to stay healthy and stay in shape no matter how old I get. Challenge I need to slow down on fried foods and set forth alimentation healthier. Overcome I will find a more healthy eating style. Strength I dont let my emotions get in the way of my work. The Future My employer will trust my Judgment even in hard times. Challenge I dont really show my emotions or let them out so after a while I start to break down.Overcome I plan to start releasing my emotion in some way that will benefit me. Spiritual Me Strength I believe in God. I grew up in a strong Christian family. With God Eve always been able to do anything. The Future Through my faith and knowing that he is God who send his only begotten son, I know where Im going when I leave this earth. Challenge There is always someone who wants to tell me my God is not real and test my faith. Overcome I will never Judge anyone else or bash what they believe in I will et God do the Judging.Social Me Strength I am a very well-disposed person and I am not afraid to speak to someone I do not know. The Future My boss, coworkers, and customers will see that I deal well with conference. Challenge I dont like to speak to someone who speaks too much. Overcome I will learn to have patience towards those who speak a lot. Material Me Strength If it is not something that I need I will not get it. Materials can wait. The Future Since I know how to wait on things that catch my eye. I believe if I wait and it comes to me later on, then God blessed me for being patient.Interpersonal SkillsInterpersonal skills refer to the skills individuals need when they interact with other people. Also, the meaning of interpersonal skills has a number of synonyms, such(prenominal) as social skills, soft skills, people skills, or communication skills. I chose the pop culture assignment because I like media related information and relating areas of life to it. The clip I chose to present was from the Andy Griffith Show, called Citizens Arrest. Some interpersonal communications techniques that are utilise include kinesics ( timber, 126), para terminology (Wood, 133), listening for information (Wood, 157), steamed vocabulary (Wood, 99) and artifacts (Wood, 129).The most apply is paralanguage and kinesics. In this episode of The Andy Griffith Show, Barney is sitting in his police car and sees Gomer Pyle get in his truck after leaving the digest office and do an illegal U-turn. Barney exit to pull Gomer over and block his truck in. At this point, it is very apparent that Barney is agitated. The nonverbal communication he is apply is kinesics. Kinesics is the study of comm unication through body movements, stances, gestures, or facial expressions (Wood, 126).Kinesics can also be considered body language and eye contact. Our body language signals a great deal about us and how we are feeling at a particular proposition time. Body language and eye contact are get wind indicators of how we as a society function. Wood states that attorneys have used body language to sway jurors, and customers tip better if their server maintains eye contact during their stay. end-to-end the clip, kinesics is frequently used by everyone in the scene from Barney and his agitation, to Gomer being completely confused and later equally agitated.Artifacts are used by everyone to announce their identities and to look a particular image to others (Wood, 129-130). Artifacts are personal objects with which we announce our identities and personalize our environments (Wood, 129). During this clip, Barneys artifact is his police uniform, while Gomers artifact is his mechanics unifor m. His corrupt hat also shows that he perceive as being simple. From the beginning of the clip where Barney pulls Gomer over to the end of the clip, Barney uses paralanguage to communicate.Paralanguage is the way in which you say words, including volume, pitch, public speaking rate, and voice quality, as well sounds that are not words. He is talking loudly, or yelling, at Gomer. Paralanguage is also vocal communication that doesnt involve words, such as sounds like gasps and murmurs. Paralanguage is used throughout the clip, by everyone including Barney, Gomer, and the onlookers. When Gomer calls out Citizens arrest, citizens arrest, after Barney proceeds to do an illegal U-turn, the onlookers cheer for lay Barney is his place.When Andy Griffith comes to find out what is going on, Barney wants to put up a fight about having to write himself a ticket. The onlookers continue their paralanguage by groaning and murmuring to get Barney to write the ticket. It is at this point that An dy Griffith comes over and starts to listen for information. This is when people want to gain and evaluate information (Wood, 157). He is trying to get to the bottom of all the conflict that is disaster in the streets. He is being mindful of both Barney and Gomer by staying focused on the situation and asking questions to get more information.Barney uses loaded language at this point in the clip, as well as one other time later on. He calls Gomer a, Boob. Loaded language refers to language that triggers strong horny and negative responses (Wood, 99). For ex vitamin Ale, name an older person geezer or old fogey is loaded language. During this clip, Barney is speaking emotionally charged words. During this episode of the Andy Griffith show, many styles of verbal and nonverbal communication were used. Kinesics and paralanguage are the most used during the clip.Just watching this episode reminds me that people have many ways to communicate. Although we ought to be background exampl es for others to follow, we also need to remember that we ought to cut across others as we would like to be treated.Works Cited Wood, J. , Interpersonal Communication Everyday Encounters, 7th ed. , Published by Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013. Citizens Arrest, The Andy Griffith Show. Writ. Everett Greenbaum amp Jim Fritzell. Dir. Dick Crenna. declination 16, 1963. http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=rwEvysDpNm0ampfeature=fvwrelInterpersonal SkillsInterpersonal skills refer to the skills individuals need when they interact with other people. Also, the meaning of interpersonal skills has a number of synonyms, such as social skills, soft skills, people skills, or communication skills. I chose the pop culture assignment because I like media related information and relating areas of life to it. The clip I chose to present was from the Andy Griffith Show, called Citizens Arrest. Some interpersonal communications techniques that are used include kinesics (Wood, 126), paralanguage (Wood, 133), listening for information (Wood, 157), loaded language (Wood, 99) and artifacts (Wood, 129).The most used is paralanguage and kinesics. In this episode of The Andy Griffith Show, Barney is sitting in his police car and sees Gomer Pyle get in his truck after leaving the post office and do an illegal U-turn. Barney proceeds to pull Gomer over and block his truck in. At this point, it is very apparent that Barney is agitated. The nonverbal communication he is using is kinesics. Kinesics is the study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, or facial expressions (Wood, 126).Kinesics can also be considered body language and eye contact. Our body language signals a great deal about us and how we are feeling at a particular time. Body language and eye contact are key indicators of how we as a society function. Wood states that attorneys have used body language to sway jurors, and customers tip better if their server maintains eye contact during their stay. Througho ut the clip, kinesics is frequently used by everyone in the scene from Barney and his agitation, to Gomer being completely confused and later equally agitated.Artifacts are used by everyone to announce their identities and to project a particular image to others (Wood, 129-130). Artifacts are personal objects with which we announce our identities and personalize our environments (Wood, 129). During this clip, Barneys artifact is his police uniform, while Gomers artifact is his mechanics uniform. His crooked hat also shows that he perceived as being simple. From the beginning of the clip where Barney pulls Gomer over to the end of the clip, Barney uses paralanguage to communicate.Paralanguage is the way in which you say words, including volume, pitch, speaking rate, and voice quality, as well sounds that are not words. He is talking loudly, or yelling, at Gomer. Paralanguage is also vocal communication that doesnt involve words, such as sounds like gasps and murmurs. Paralanguage is used throughout the clip, by everyone including Barney, Gomer, and the onlookers. When Gomer calls out Citizens arrest, citizens arrest, after Barney proceeds to do an illegal U-turn, the onlookers cheer for putting Barney is his place.When Andy Griffith comes to find out what is going on, Barney wants to put up a fight about having to write himself a ticket. The onlookers continue their paralanguage by groaning and murmuring to get Barney to write the ticket. It is at this point that Andy Griffith comes over and starts to listen for information. This is when people want to gain and evaluate information (Wood, 157). He is trying to get to the bottom of all the conflict that is happening in the streets. He is being mindful of both Barney and Gomer by staying focused on the situation and asking questions to get more information.Barney uses loaded language at this point in the clip, as well as one other time later on. He calls Gomer a, Boob. Loaded language refers to language that tri ggers strong emotional and negative responses (Wood, 99). For example, calling an older person geezer or old fogey is loaded language. During this clip, Barney is speaking emotionally charged words. During this episode of the Andy Griffith show, many styles of verbal and nonverbal communication were used. Kinesics and paralanguage are the most used during the clip.Just watching this episode reminds me that people have many ways to communicate. Although we ought to be setting examples for others to follow, we also need to remember that we ought to treat others as we would like to be treated.Works Cited Wood, J. , Interpersonal Communication Everyday Encounters, 7th ed. , Published by Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013. Citizens Arrest, The Andy Griffith Show. Writ. Everett Greenbaum amp Jim Fritzell. Dir. Dick Crenna. December 16, 1963. http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=rwEvysDpNm0ampfeature=fvwrelInterpersonal SkillsInterpersonal skills refer to the skills individuals need when they i nteract with other people. Also, the meaning of interpersonal skills has a number of synonyms, such as social skills, soft skills, people skills, or communication skills. I chose the pop culture assignment because I like media related information and relating areas of life to it. The clip I chose to present was from the Andy Griffith Show, called Citizens Arrest. Some interpersonal communications techniques that are used include kinesics (Wood, 126), paralanguage (Wood, 133), listening for information (Wood, 157), loaded language (Wood, 99) and artifacts (Wood, 129).The most used is paralanguage and kinesics. In this episode of The Andy Griffith Show, Barney is sitting in his police car and sees Gomer Pyle get in his truck after leaving the post office and do an illegal U-turn. Barney proceeds to pull Gomer over and block his truck in. At this point, it is very apparent that Barney is agitated. The nonverbal communication he is using is kinesics. Kinesics is the study of communicat ion through body movements, stances, gestures, or facial expressions (Wood, 126).Kinesics can also be considered body language and eye contact. Our body language signals a great deal about us and how we are feeling at a particular time. Body language and eye contact are key indicators of how we as a society function. Wood states that attorneys have used body language to sway jurors, and customers tip better if their server maintains eye contact during their stay. Throughout the clip, kinesics is frequently used by everyone in the scene from Barney and his agitation, to Gomer being completely confused and later equally agitated.Artifacts are used by everyone to announce their identities and to project a particular image to others (Wood, 129-130). Artifacts are personal objects with which we announce our identities and personalize our environments (Wood, 129). During this clip, Barneys artifact is his police uniform, while Gomers artifact is his mechanics uniform. His crooked hat also shows that he perceived as being simple. From the beginning of the clip where Barney pulls Gomer over to the end of the clip, Barney uses paralanguage to communicate.Paralanguage is the way in which you say words, including volume, pitch, speaking rate, and voice quality, as well sounds that are not words. He is talking loudly, or yelling, at Gomer. Paralanguage is also vocal communication that doesnt involve words, such as sounds like gasps and murmurs. Paralanguage is used throughout the clip, by everyone including Barney, Gomer, and the onlookers. When Gomer calls out Citizens arrest, citizens arrest, after Barney proceeds to do an illegal U-turn, the onlookers cheer for putting Barney is his place.When Andy Griffith comes to find out what is going on, Barney wants to put up a fight about having to write himself a ticket. The onlookers continue their paralanguage by groaning and murmuring to get Barney to write the ticket. It is at this point that Andy Griffith comes over and st arts to listen for information. This is when people want to gain and evaluate information (Wood, 157). He is trying to get to the bottom of all the conflict that is happening in the streets. He is being mindful of both Barney and Gomer by staying focused on the situation and asking questions to get more information.Barney uses loaded language at this point in the clip, as well as one other time later on. He calls Gomer a, Boob. Loaded language refers to language that triggers strong emotional and negative responses (Wood, 99). For example, calling an older person geezer or old fogey is loaded language. During this clip, Barney is speaking emotionally charged words. During this episode of the Andy Griffith show, many styles of verbal and nonverbal communication were used. Kinesics and paralanguage are the most used during the clip.Just watching this episode reminds me that people have many ways to communicate. Although we ought to be setting examples for others to follow, we also ne ed to remember that we ought to treat others as we would like to be treated.Works Cited Wood, J. , Interpersonal Communication Everyday Encounters, 7th ed. , Published by Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2013. Citizens Arrest, The Andy Griffith Show. Writ. Everett Greenbaum amp Jim Fritzell. Dir. Dick Crenna. December 16, 1963. http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=rwEvysDpNm0ampfeature=fvwrel

Parapsychology: The Non-Existence of Ghosts

Ghosts ar a telegnostic phenomenon that has been given a lot of credibility to which it may not be entitled. People argon ordaining to believe the earth of gos establish mostly on the readings of electronic equipment, the explanations of the equipment operators regarding those readings and the account of eyewitnesses. The real explanations may be much more(prenominal) than scientific and much less fanciful. thither are a few signs that a ghost is present, according to the believers. These are Unusual crisp spots Unusual drafty or windy areas Unusual smells Strange sounds (voices, footsteps, moaning, crying, banging, etc. Anywhere you feel a strange being watched sensation (Santore)These sound bid flimsy evidence to convince someone that a ghost is present and yet the majority of believers will attri furthere any or all of these signs as proof that ghosts exist. Science takes a much different view of these signs and can offer more reasonable explanations for these occurrenc es. Most of the ghost sightings and paranormal recognises concerning ghosts can be scientifically analyzed and explained. on that point is no correlation between the lifestyles, IQs, or financial status of believers and non believers of ghosts.Religion may play a part in the willingness or not to accept ghosts as real. As with almost anything, if someone looks for it, it will usually be found. That is the way most ghosts are discovered, through the belief that they are present and can be witnessed if one perseveres. This is proven by most of the Ghost Walks and tours of haunted establishments around the world. People who attend these walks and visit these establishments do so with the preconceived idea that they will see a ghost or some phenomenon that represents a ghostly presence.This state of mind sets them up to see what they hankering to see and few will try to explain away the ghost sighting with science and investigation. Among the most common phenomena found at ghost inv estigate sites are apparently floating, circular or diamond-shaped objects called orbs, which nurture been captured in many another(prenominal) photographs. Video cameras strike shown their images floating across the screen, while digital and 35- millimeter cameras have photographed orbs larger than basketballs or as small as a postcard. (Krivyanski 140) These orbs are one of the more frequently produced evidence of the existence of a ghost.Most people exploitation a digital camera have seen these floating spheres in many of their pictures. Believers claim these orbs are the photographic evidence of a aim presence. Joe Nickell, Senior query Fellow for CSICOP, says, We do know that dust, fingers, camera straps, mist over, and lint can reflect the cameras flash and produce ghostly effects. Dust particles are a major source of orbs. We do not know that ghosts are the explanation of any orbs. In fact, Nickell has intentionally produced orbs in experiments. (Peterson) Another pho to anomaly is the ectoplasm.This is similar to the orb but is more of a stream of smoke than a sphere shape. Ghost hunters have seized on ectoplasm as a pseudo explanation for various strand and mist effects in photos. Such effects can be hunting expeditiond by the flash rebounding from the cameras wrist strap, jewelry, hair, insects, a wandering fingertip, etc. , etc. (Nickell 1996). Photographs of ghosts continue to fascinate those who are looking for proof of a ghosts existence. Over the years there have been thousands of ghost photographs but no(prenominal) have been proven with forth a doubt to be of a spiritual presence.Photography recreated reality so exactly that it became the medium of choice for the rendition of the ultimate non-reality the spirit. Spirit photos became spectacularly popular by the 1880s and remain colorful reminders of quaint Victorian sensibility. They were ultimately embarrassing both for the purchasers and the providers, once word got out that the spi rits they showed were merely the by-products of deliberate double exposure. (Packer 30) Photographer William L. Mumler caused a sensation in the late 1800 when he produced photographs of ghosts for exhibition.When his ghosts were found alive and working in Boston, he admitted to fraud and explained that he had found a crude method of double exposure while working in his photographs and used it to create the photos. (Nickell 146-159) With the advances in picture taking and digital enhancements, it has become easier to manipulate photographs and mislead people looking for proof of ghosts. Most times, a good interrogationer can discover the methods used to dissembler the spirits in the photos and prove the image to be a fake.While admittedly, there are some photos that cannot be explained by modern research methods, this does not level proof of a ghosts existence. It simply means that the method used to create the image has not been positively identified. There have been many prove n frauds in the cases of ghost evidence and sightings. Some fakes are misunderstandings of the situation or cause, as in the following case Vic Tandy of Coventry University in Scotland. His experience suggests that it may be possible to attribute many of the classic signs of ghosts to very low frequency sound waves trapped inside buildings.Although these sound waves cannot be heard, tests have revealed that they can induce the perception of wraithlike ghosts and regular(a) a feeling of cold and terror. Tandy was working alone one night in a laboratory. He began sweating despite feeling cold and then noticed a figure in the room. He was terrified. The following morning a fencing partizan who had left a foil clamped in a vise returned to the lab and noticed the blades free end frantically moving up and down. Tandy, who is a skilful engineer, realized that it might be getting energy from low-frequency, inaudible sound waves filling the laboratory.Indeed, tests revealed a standing wav e trapped in the lab and stretch a peak intensity next to his desk. Further site inspection led to the source of the standing wave a new extraction fan. When the fans mountings were altered, the surmise ghost left. (Krivyanski 140) One case in particular proves the power of imagination and suggestion in regards to those who are searching for proof that ghosts do exist. Arthur Machen, a journalist and author of paranormal fiction wrote a fictional account of the British Armys retreat from the occupying German forces from Mons, France in 1914.Machen reported in a fanciful record that phantom archers and soldiers from a medieval battle between the English and French from many centuries before. The ghosts, according to Machen, supplied a rear guard that allowed the English withdrawal and even caused some casualties within the Germans. Problem was the fiction quickly became fact as reports came in from the soldiers on the field more or less the angels assisting their efforts. Even w hen Machen decried the whole story as a work of fiction, people kept sending him reports of the Angels.Even afterward the war, a German officer claimed a horse rear up and tossed him off after being startled by the ghostly soldiers. (Didier, 2007) There is a saying that goes People see and hear exactly what they wish to see and hear. Nowhere is this more evident than the field of paranormal research. Millions of people have been taken in by false mediums, crooked illusionists and urban fables. These stories or sightings have a sweet sand verbena effect on the public, one someone sees or hears something that they swear is a ghost or spirit and others pick it up and continue the story.These people are unaware that they are the victims of wishful thinking or propaganda. Personal validation is, for all practical purposes, the major reason for the persistence of divinatory and assessment procedures. If the person is not persuaded, then the story will not survive. The widespread acce ptance of myths about Bigfoot, the Bermuda Triangle, ancient astronauts, ghosts, the validity of meditation and consciousness-raising schemes, and a host of other beliefs is based on persuasion through personal validation sooner than scientific conviction. (Frazier 81)Ghost stories or stories of encounters with ghosts have been produced as evidence of existence for many years. Many of these stories or encounters are real quite old and have been retold in various versions many times. Urban legends are made from many of these stories, such as the ghost bridge, the college suicide and the missing party girl. Almost every state has a version of these stories but no one has produced concrete evidence that these tragedies ever actually occurred as told. While there are tragedies in all areas, none have been proven to produce the ghosts said to haunt the halls, bridges and roads of these stories.Gillian Bennett states There are several problems with using these stories as a basis for over all conclusions about ghosts. First, most of these stories are highly traditionalized excellent material for discussing ghost traditions, but for that reason less reliable as evidence of the nature of ghost experience. Evans says at the outset that what he proposes to do is to see what we can learn about ghosts by looking at peoples experiences of ghosts. This is fine so long as one can be certain that the experience they had was exactly the same as the one they reported.I doubt the match is usually this exact. Telling stories is a social activity and there are all sorts of reasons for doing it and for doing it in one way rather than another. A story about a strange experience will only be told if it fits expectations if it does not but the narrator insists on telling it anyway, the hearers will ask questions and suggest details and generally try to get it into better shape as a ghost story. This might be the form in which it eventually gets into print. (Bennett) There are many th eories regarding what we see as ghosts and what they actually may be.Some researchers have done studies on whether the intellect of the person has an effect on their belief or disbelief of ghosts. This type of study has too many variables to be conclusive and many of the people had preconceived opinions before the study began. There is evidence that gender may be a factor in whether one believes in ghosts or not. Many researchers have found the endorsement of paranormal beliefs to be stronger among females than males for both global belief and for most of the specific dimensions of paranormal belief (Irwin, 1993). (Smith, Foster, and Stovin) One of the more interesting theories involves geomagnetic fields.Michael Persinger, Ph. D. , a professor of psychology at Laurentian University in Ontario, Canada, has demonstrated that a sensitive temporal lobethe area that is responsible for regulation of emotions and motivated behaviorstogether with naturally occurring magnetic fields, can tr igger a ghostly encounter. Individuals prone to paranormal experiences are sensitive to weak electromagnetic fields and to man-made electrical fields, which are becoming more prominent in the communication age, explains Persinger, who has studied the link between magnetic fields and paranormal experience for 15 years.(Lockman 27) For every ghost hunter out there, there is a researcher with a plausible explanation for the phenomenon. If more people stop to view the evidence that science has to offer, they would be in a position to ready an educated decision. While this may not prove concretely that ghosts do not exist, it offers a more reasonable explanation for those incidents that become urban legend or ghost stories. While it is sad to think of the trauma of a college suicide, it is improbable to think that the spirit of that person has nothing better to do than light around the college dorm where they met their demise.Paranormal research is a very wide field and new areas are o pening up every day. Like wise, the opportunity to research and investigate is an open area. With more advances in science, we are closer than ever to proving that ghosts do not exist. The evidence presented here is a small fraction of the hoaxes, frauds and misconceptions regarding the existence of ghosts. To be fair, the majority of ghost hunters investigating an occurrence will try to determine if there is a reasonable or mundane explanation for the sights or sounds.Many times they will find that the ghost is nothing more than loose floorboards or an overactive imagination. The cases that do not produce a common cause do not prove the existence of a ghost they merely prove that more research is needed. Ghosts do not exist and science backs this up with more evidence every day. The mediums and hauntings are having to become more elaborate in order to maintain their illusions. In time, science will prove, with a doubt, that ghosts do not co-inhabit our houses, schools and roadsides .

Eastman Kodak Marketing Strategy Essay

Q1. Summarize the mart characteristics and trends.In the photo look at market place the major(ip) suppliers were Kodak, Fuji, Agfa and 3M. Fuji and Kodak sold only dirted product whereas Agfa and 3M sold their hire as branded product as well as to opposite firms in private label. Total Market In 1993 the total market was around 670 million 24 exposure rolls. Typically a consumer paid between $2.5 and $3.5 for a 24 exposure rolls. So in average they used to pay $3 for a 24 exposure roll. So Total Market = 670million * 3=2 billion Market Sh be The market within USA was monopoly as Kodaks market region was about 70%. But worldwide, the market was competitive. Fuji was a strong competitor in worldwide sales (Fuji -$10 billion, Kodak $20 billion). Appendix A depicts the unit market share of Kodak in U.S. Market Growth The markets annual unit growth rate was averaged only 2%. So this is basically a fully substantial mature market. We can categorize this market as Cash Cow accordin g to the BCG growth share matrix. The annual growth of Kodak had been only 3%which is oftentimes littleer in compare to the rivals.Appendix B depicts the annual growth rate of different companies. Consumer Information Consumer were less educated about the technical aspects of film and view it as a commodity often focusing on cost alone to purchase. Appendix C depicts the graph showing the consumer buying manikin trend. Price Tier Based on the price tiers there were multiple category of brands (i.e. Superpremium, gift Economy & Price) available in the market. Appendix D depicts the price tier ranges. Superpremium brands were not the major sellers . For Premium products of Kodak, the gross adjustment was approximately 70%.It seems that Kodak implemented market skimming price strategy to handle Premium products. Fujis gross margin was about 55% for the economy brands. The margin ofPrice product was lower.This lower price brand was targeted towards the segment of customers where consumers were less educated about photography and focused on price alone to purchase. Appendix E depicts the different distribution channel of the overall photo film market. Q4. Considering introduction of Funtime and ignoring Royal Gold, calculate the market shares of Funtime and Gold Plus that would even off Kodak indifferent to introduce Funtime or take no action. Evaluate how realistic it is to make better profits with introduction of Funtime taking into account the existing market segments and plausible competitive reaction.Reasons for failure of FuntimeThe first problem is that they plan not to advertise. This seems to be a mistake because funtime is a newfangled product for the consumers. Consumers need to be educated that they have a new product wisecracking and they need to know what the pass judgment proposition is. However, if there is no education of the product, which could lead to consumers to believe that Kodak is offering less quality for their existing product s, rather than rolling out a new lower price alternative. In case of failure of the funtime, Kodak Gold and Royal Gold would be able to maintain the same share of the market before long because of brand Loyalty and separate segment of customers targeted. The extra expenses done (packaging, features, styling) to release this product would be a loss for Kodak. But in the near hereafter as the price nice customer segment remained unserved by Kodak and growth in private label film activity lead decrease the market share of Kodak.Reasons for Success of Funtime and side effects on the market shares Making a move to enter the Economy Tier is a smart pretend for Kodak. The market appears to be heading toward price being the most important dimension for consumer. So the customer segment who tend to view film as a commodity and often buy on price alone (Price Sensitive Customer Segment) is the main target of funtime. A few of their ideas seem to make sense For instance, it is probably a good idea they only offer limited speeds. This would probably be sufficient for consumers who are buying in this tier. Also, reservation them available in value packs seems like a good idea because they will be able to sell more units (rolls) of film this way. Positive side effects and Market ShareIf launching funtime is successful then the market share of Kodak Gold wouldremain the same because of its loyalty and brand, Ektar market share will be converted to Royal gold share because of its special segment offering (special occasion) and finally funtime will be able to target the price sensitive segment .As a result the market share of Kodak should be restored back to 75% or more in the upcoming categorys. As shown in submit 2 there would be definite loss of revenue of Fuji and Others. Polaroid and Private market share will remain unaffected as they are out of scope market for Kodak. Negative Side effects and Market ShareNow there are few major drawbacks. As the offer is limite d throughout the year consumers may just wait until that time of year to buy fun time film instead of buying their other Kodak products that are available year round. This can cannibalize Kodaks Gold Plus market share in premium category.Kodak Gold Plus was the flagship brand of Kodak and Kodaks gross margins were believed to be about 70%.So if the market share of Kodak Gold Plus reduces it may lead to huge loss for Kodak as a whole. As shown in manifest 2 though the market share of funtime has increased and it has snatched 5% (Fuji + others) from competitors but it has also capability to cannibalize the market share of Gold Plus which can reduce 10% or more. Like Kodak Gold Plus if we keep the same assumption that the gross profit margin is 70%, retailers margin is 20% for funtime then we will be able to see (Exhibit 1) that the profit earned for Kodak Gold plus is $0.39 per unit. Exhibit 3 shows that the total revenue from market has been (1777 1692) =85 million dollars It can a lso be stated that as being limited throughout the year the market growth of fun time will be very less. Also lowering industry profitability by reducing average price of film would keep the customer expectation of lower prices in the future product release.

Media Studies Mass Media

hAbstract This essay explores what the media, mass media and mass communication is. As well as a major focus on the hypodermic phonograph needle theory also known as the magic slug theory on the receipt analysis, the unresisting hearing and the encoding and decrypt model with extension service to relevant theorists and statements and exemplifications from Africa and other countries. In conclusion this essay states that the reception analysis and the hypodermic needle theory some(prenominal) atomic number 18 important and complex in sympathizeing the media and the active and passive hearing.The hypodermic needle theory and the reception analysis is a complicated theory in the media world. These two theories explore how the media affects its audiences, both active and passive. This essay will explore through relevant examples and ideas from theorists, the hypodermic needle theory and the reception analysis, what they ar and what authority it plays in the media world and how the media affects the passive audience. The media is a diverse collection of industries and practices, each with their methods of communication, specific traffic interests, constraints and audiences (Briggs and Cobley, 2001 1).And mass media according to TheFreeDictionary is, A means of public communication reaching a extended audience. The media is almost everywhere in societies today and people quite a little or listen to so much types of media every single day. As a resolution the media that is conn in affects its ideaers and listeners subconsciously and are not aware of the impact that the media has on them. Mass communication thus, is the process of transforming a message created by a someone in a group to large audiences or market through a transforming device which is the medium (J. Baran, Introduction to Mass Communication).As Connell (1984 88) says that it is common that medias message is distorted and misunderstood by society. Thus it set up the society subco nsciously buy the way they act. The audience plays a vital habit in the media world, because if the audience did not exist neither would the media. (Hanes) The media sends out information to the audience and the audience is there to gather up it. Audiences are not blank sheets of melodic theme on which media messages can be written members of an audience will pick up prior attitudes and beliefs which will determine how effective media messages are. (Abercrombie 1996, 140). Hence, the message received by the audience and how they interpret that message will depend on the background of the audience members, such as their values and beliefs, their attitudes and their circumstances. Furthermore, there are two types of audiences that are jar againstn to take in media, the active audience and the passive audience. The active audience interacts with the media habituated to them, and they have the knowledge to challenge the messages that the media gives to them.The uses and gratificat ions model that was first expressed in the joined states in the 1940s (Moores 1993) believed that audiences were active and that they had a choice as to the texts they received, and that they were able to choose the one that would satisfy their needs. The passive audience, as seen by the hypodermic needle theory conscionable accept all the information given to them. Passive audience an audience that does not interact with the media and it has no control of the medias influence on them (Unknown. www. aber. c. uk. ). The hypodermic needle theory assumes that the audience is passive in receiving and interpretation of media texts. (Hanes, 2000). The media is seen to nowadays affect the passive audience and that it will have the power to directly influence the audience, because the audiences just take in and accept what the media gives to them. Children are often seen as a passive audience because they do not fully understand what they are viewing, thus are affected subconsciously an d often act out what they have seen on TV.Teenagers often try to copy their celebrity role models and lose sight of what is real and what is fantasy (Manali Oak) The hypodermic needle theory which was explored by the Frankfurt School also known as the magic bullet theory is a famous theory that states that the media is a needle or magic gun and that it injects the message into the audiences mind and it causes changes in the audiences deportment towards the message. (Unknown. poundedmonk. wordpress. com ). The audience is passive and as a result the message is injected into their mind without their knowledge.Harold Lasswell was a well known theorist of the hypodermic needle theory verbalise that the new mass media could directly influence and sway public influence. Meaning that when the audience (which is passive) views something on the picture or hears something on the radio, it affects the audience directly and unconsciously, and could maybe change the way the audience views a certain subject. For example, in 1930 Orson Wells created a fake news bulletin about an alien invasion in an American city called Grovers Mill.He broadcasted this message on a Radio Station program called The War of the Worlds, and it reached about twelve million American people. ascribable to this broadcast the whole country was in chaos. (Taken from communicationtheory. org) Additionally the Hypodermic needle theorys supporters believed that because the audience is passive in that they receive and accept the messages given to them by the media texts that, they put a great emphasis on the text itself and the power that it has on the audience.However because that information about the texts are so readily forthcoming and very easy to access, that the Hypodermic needle theory is generally disregarded by many other theorists when they consider the audiences response to the media . (Idea taken from Phillip J Hanes) an example of this is when apartheid came into action in South Afric a, the white government controlled the media and showed the black people as weak and subordinate to the white people and that they are the dominating induce and should be in charge.Most of the white viewers believed and accepted this information and as a result treated the black people like they are inferior to the white people, and thus some of the black people began to believe that they are inferior to the whites. (International Afro Mass Media) However the hypodermic needle theory was not establish on empirical findings rather it employed assumptions about human nature. and that People were assumed to be controlled by their biological instincts (Lowerg and Delfleur, 1995 . p. 400).As a result the Hypodermic effects model is considered to be an inadequate representation of the communication between media and the public, as it does not take into account the audience as individuals with their own beliefs, opinions, ideas and attitudes. (Unknown www. aber. ac. uk). Hence the c ite above shows the complications that were aroused by other theorists when it came to the hypodermic needle theory of how information was just accepted by the passive audience. In addition the reception analysis plays a major role in the media.The reception analysis is the way in which the audience receives, accepts and interprets the message given to them in the media (www. museum. tv. com). The way that an audience will receive and interpret a message in the media usually depends on their socio-economic position, gender, ethnicity and so forth. For example if four people from dissimilar people from different societies, watch the same programme, each of them will have a different view on what they have just watched, showing that the way they receive a message will be etermined by their own individuality. (Journal of Communication, 1990, vol,40, no1, p. 73) The theory on audience reception has taken into account the individual members of the audience. It realises there is a favo urite(a) meaning in the text, but also places emphasis on the audience in the process of constructing a meaning. (Hanes www. aber. ac. uk/media) meaning that the reception theory does not just look at the audience as whole, but as well as the individuals in an audience and how the medias messages affect the individuals.In South Africa, research has been done, that shows that they youth in South Africa is very influenced by the media received from North America. Teenagers watch reality shows and believe that in order to be popular and liked by their peers they have to look, act and be a certain way. Hence showing that the youth, depending on their demographic that they are in are heavily influenced and effected by the messages that they receive from the media. (M. Way Journalism and Mass Communication). Hals encoding and decoding model draws up on Abercrombies (1996) dominant text view and the dominant audience view. The dominant text view states that the text is more important beca use the audience is passive they will be influenced by the messages given by the media. Whereas the dominant audience view states that the audience is more important because it is up audience to analyze and interpret the text. (Hall 1980). The advantage of the encoding and decoding model is that it realises that the meaning made by the audience is affected by various other factors including socio/economic frameworks and past experiences, but also involving the context in which the media message is consumed. (Hanes www. aber. ac. uk/media).This statement means that if one person watches television while being distracted by two children will receive a different from another person who is watching the same television programme but is concentrating on what they are watching. The reception analysis views on how the audience receives the message and how the audience interprets the messages received by the media. Thus we can see that because everyone has different ethnicity, gender, soc io-economic backgrounds and political views, that they will view the messages that they receive completely differently to any other person, showing that there is individuality in audiences.For example, a Zulu charwoman who is a domestic worker who lives in a black township who watches Carte Blanche will interpret the message differently to a white business man who lives in a mansion in Northcliff who watches the exact same thing. Due to different backgrounds and experiences,each person hashis or herown way for decoding messages, andpeople could even form different interpretations toward the same message (stereotypebyinternet. wordpress. om) Furthermore, because there are so many types of media being given to us as the consumers of the media, we fit numb to many of the information given to us that we buzz off to just accept the information and messages. The messages that are in many of the television programs that are consumed that they begin to affect the viewers subconsciously, and the viewers will eventually act out and behave like the people on the programs that they watch and begin to think that everything that they view on the television is acceptable and that, that is how normal or even popular people should behave. The first effect of reality TV deals with teenagers. Already with self-esteem and sufferance issues, adolescent youth that frequently watch television shows that are advertise as being reality, most likely will have the delusion that their display should mirror the people they see on the shows. Like with magazines and tabloids that historically have caused harmful trends in teenagers, such as anorexia and bulimia, reality TV foster facades that are readily accepted by our youth. (D.Watkins, 2008) In conclusion one can see that the media, mass media, mass communication play an important role and are important to the hypodermic needle theory, the reception analysis, and in the encoding and decoding model. This essay also shows how the aud ience, passive and active play an important role in the theories mentioned in this essay, and that media consumption is a very complex activity. Bibliography Abercrombie, Nicholas (1996) Television and Society. Cambridge Polity Press Branston, G and Stafford, R. 1999). The Media Students Book. London Routledge (pp. 410-420). Cruz, J. & Justin Lewis (1994) Viewing, Reading, Listening Audiences and Cultural Reception. Boulder, CO Westview Gillespie, M. (2005). Media Audiences. Maidenhead Open University Press (pp. 26-50) Hanes, Philip J (April 2000) The Advantages and Limitations of a Focus on Audience in Media Studies. Retrieved April 29, 2012 from http//www. aber. ac. uk/media/Students/pph9701. html Hart, Andrew (1991) Understanding the Media A Practical Guide.London Routledge Koufie-Amartey, I, (2010) Hypodermic molest Theory. Retrieved April 29, 2012 from http//amartey1. blogspot. com/2010/04/hypodermic-needle-theory. html Nightingale, Virginia (1996) Studying Audiences The Shock of the Real. London Routledge OSullivan, Tim, Brian Dutton Philip Rayner (1994) Studying the Media. London Edward Arnold Seiter, Ellen et al. (Eds. ) (1989) Remote Control. London Routledge Strelitz, L. (2002). Media consumption and identity formation the case of the homeland viewers.Media, Culture Society, 24(4), 459. Taylor, L and Willis, A. (1999). Media Studies. Texts, Institutions and Audiences. Oxford Blackwell (pp. 168-183). Watkins, D. (2008) The effects of reality TV. Retrieved April 30, 2012 from http//www. helium. com/items/933893-the-effects-of-reality-tv Way, M. Strelitz, Larry. Mixed Reception South African Youth and their Experience of Global Media. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_7081/is_1_26/ai_n28420075

Choosing a School Essay

Wanting to further your education, further faced with too many choices? acquiret think you can find the time in your busy plan? There are many options out in that location now, that are befitting more popular. Not too want ago online culture was not looked at as an acceptable method of education by employers. Before 2006 you could not even use a Federal student loan to attend an online enlighten. As time has now shown both types of educateing, online and conventionalistic, provide the same quality of education. close to traditional coachs even offer nearly of their classes online to give you some freedom with your time while still being a part of the campus. Online versus traditional schooling offer different methods of learning that may appeal to students because of the atmosphere and the convenience. While both online and traditional schools do their best to cater to the needs of all their students, there are just some things that cannot be done online. If you are a v isual or audio learner either type of school go forth work for you.If you are a hands on type of learner you might find your egotism having an easier time learning in a more traditional school setting. This is not to say that you could not utilize an online school but, you may have a harder time or find it more time overpowering having to find ways to turn your lesson into a physical thing that you have an easier time with. You have to be self motivate with an online school as well, the teacher is not at your home to remind you that paper is due in two days. If you need their help you have to try to call or e-mail.For some people not having an instructor at their disposal is not an option, they need someone to be almost looking over their shoulder encouraging them to put right on, for this type of student online may not be the way to go. You have to be motivated to go the extra distance and use the resource unattached to you to further your education. The atmosphere is besides different. With an online school you get to create your own atmosphere. If you find music helps you focus play whatever music you want. Have 20 minutes to spare after your shower? You can do your school work in your towel if you like.With an online education you can do your create a place that is comfortable for you. If one day you need to get out of the house you can still do your work just grab your laptop computer and go to the park, or beach. You dont have to be tied down to the same building and surrounds with an online education like you do in a more traditional setting. You dont have to deal with other distracting you, if your study spot has too many distractions move. In a more traditional setting you are confined to the same four walls surrounded by the same people daily.This provides a very structured place to learn but some people may find this boring and uncomfortable. Convenience is another big part of if an online school or traditional school is better for you is time . A traditional school is on a schedule, this makes working a full time job or trying to raise a family more difficult. With an online school you can work you classes into when you have free time. Many online schools have applications that you can use on you smart phone or tab allow that will let you keep up on your discussion questions whenever you find yourself with free time.This relieves some of the stress of trying to find time to keep up with your work. Online schooling also provides you with the convinces of choosing what time is good for you to log in. you are a night owl and want to do your work at 3am, just long in. As long as you meet the requirements for attendance and participation, turning all of you assignments in on time, they wont care what time of day you do your work. There are many of reasons to choose one school over another. It all comes down to your personal preference.Take the time to evaluate your needs and research your options. Every school whether it is o nline or traditional will better suite one person over another. Take your time ask yourself the following questions before picking the school you are making a commitment. Do you need direct human being interaction or can you just chat online? Will the busy schedule of your life allow you to take large chunks out of your day to go to school or will you have to break it up over the operate of the entire day when you have time?These are all things you need to answer for yourself before you can pick a school that will be right for you. Online schools provide a greater freedom, where you are when you long in, when you log in, how active you are in your participation. They also require you to be more self motivated and responsible for yourself. Traditional schools will provide you with a more structured plan, you know when and where you have to be and you are surrounded by human interaction. The instructor is right there for you, if you find yourself needing extra guidance.

Cask of Amontillado Essay

The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could but when he ventured upon, I vowed revenge. Montresor has felt that he has been insulted by Fortunato and he seeks revenge upon him. Since Montresor is seeking revenge Fortunato has to watch out, but that may be hard because throughout the trading floor Fortunato is gullible, full of pride, and is an alcoholic. Fortunato is gullible when he doesnt study anything of going down to the vaults with Montresor. Come, let us go. Fortunato tells him lets go and goes down into the vaults. He is not regarding very smart because he is drunk, and so he doesnt think anything of it.Let us go, nevertheless. The cold is merely nothing. Amontillado You have been imposed upon. And as for Luchesi, he cannot blot Sherry from Amontillado. He doesnt care that he is sick he says lets go. He doesnt want Montresor to think that Luchesi is better than him in any way. Overall, Fortunato is as well as gullible because he is insisting to go d own. He is too full pride and he thinks he is better than everyone else. Luchesi cannot tell Amontillado from Sherry. He is saying that Luchesi cant tell the two wines apart and that he is better than him.Fortunate is saying that he would rather go then for Montresor to call Luchesi. He is an ignoramus, says Fortunato. He doesnt want to hear Montresor talk about Luchesi because he finds it insulting. He feels that he is better than that and Luchesi is nothing to him. Finally, Fortunato is too full of pride because whenever Luchesi is brought up he interrupts and starts talk of the town about himself. I drink, Fortunato says to the buried that repose around us. Fortunato is an alcoholic because throughout this whole story he is a drunken mess. He keeps drinking and stumbles around.Montresor tells him Drink, handing him a bottle. So Montresor is encouraging him getting drunk. Fortunato doesnt think anything of it and he keeps drinking. As Montresor is encouraging Fortunato to drink its because he is trying to get him drunk so that he can kill him. In conclusion, Fortunato is a gullible, full of pride, drunken mess throughout this story. In the end Fortunato gets walled up in a glitch within the vaults by Montresor. If Fortunato wasnt such a drunk he would have lived. Finally, Fortuanto should have thought better on his decisions.

United states syria intervention

Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, Jordan and Israel. Syria has gained emancipation in 1930, but always had political problems. The civil war that sparked in 2011 and continued in 2012, the war completely devastated the country. More than 45,000 people were reckond to be killed, most of them probably civilians. By the end of 2012 a thousands to a greater extent were Injured. About 470,000 Syrian refugees were registered with the unite Nations to give civilians access to countries Like Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, and Jordan, while thousands of other people overcompensate the border without registration.The united States government is practically bankrupt right now the financial system is on the verge of a collapse. Ever since the military range War on Terror which started as a result of the September 11 attack. It was a military campaign to eliminate al-Qaeda. As of today this campaign Is still ongoing. From the beginning of the War on Terror our national debt was under six billion dollars. str aightaway It has increased to 14. 3 trillion dollars. Thats where the taxpayer bullions go. Finally, there is also a strategic argument in opt of intervention.The U. S. Has o strategic interests in Syria, but it does have them in nearly all of Syrians neighbors. Turkey is a NATO ally. Kenneth M. Pollack. Pollack is stating that the U. S government really doesnt reason to intervene there because they dont have plans, they only like to do an airstrips. History Intends to repeat Itself, This situation Is almost the same as the on Iraq. President crotch hair administered a War on Terror. President Bush believed that Iraq had biological weapons which proven to be false. Billions of taxpayer money has been wasted on the war.Moreover, linked States also wanted to establish democracy n Iraq. Democracy wasnt virtually for long, instead riots started breaking out. Sunnis and Shiite militants attacked U. S troops. Then a civil war broke out betwixt the Sunnis and the Shiites. Violenc e after Violence, I can predict the same fate for Syria too. I am not the only one who is opposed against this, most of our fellow Americans are too is against this, and only nine portion of Americans believes that united States should take military actions against Syria. With support like that no wonder Obama backed out of this.Moreover, Syria poses no threat to us. So far no one has pointed out on how attacking Syria Is vital to the United States. The U. S military Job is to protect the security of United States, not to Intervene with other nations. Government. The United States dont seem to be seeking out Sad. There is clearly no goal here. The United States is go forth open for another war, wasting more of the taxpayers money. All the taxpayers money can be used in our education system, or our NASA program. The government needs to spend our money more wisely. I also believe it is unacceptable to encourage more war. As far as Im concerned, ar always means disappointment Jacqu es Circa. War solves nothing, leaders must find peaceful way to resolve their issues, and therefore war only brings pain and violence to peoples lives.

Etosha: Place of Dry Water Essay

Etosha is an ecosystem that contains many another(prenominal) interacting species of organisms and their physical environment. As the seasons change, the temperature and climate affect the biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors argon the aliveness organisms that are affected by abiotic factors. Abiotic factors are the non-living or physical factor that directly affects the living organisms. Etosha displays all type of biotic and abiotic factors as the seasons change and the rainy seasons come again to get moving the pedal again.A biotic factor is the predator and prey relationship. Etosha displays this through many of its organisms- turtle and dove, cheetah and zebra, king of beasts and frog, and snake and frog respectively. The parasite and legion relationship constitutes as a biotic factory. An role model of this is the squirrel, the host and the fleas, the parasite. There exists mutualism in Etosha. The fuck off fox finds bugs on its young unrivaleds and this provides food for the mothers. The bugs use the mother to live on and to live off of. Therefore, each organism benefits from their relationship. Competition exists between male bullfrogs all over the female bullfrogs for mating. They may go to the extent of feasting one another.The male lions also fight one another over the female lioness for mating. An example of a food chain in Etosha starts with bugs. Then, the bullfrogs eat the bugs. Bullfrogs eat other bullfrogs for competition and a lion eats the bullfrog. The squirrel has a long tail to shade it from the sun, which is an example of adaptation. Another adaptation is the large ears of the bat ear fox, which allow it to hear sounds of the bugs in the ground for food. The bullfrog camouflage in the swamp by cryptic coloration. It is the same color as its environment. These are the study(ip) biotic factors, which exist in Etosha.The abiotic factor that persists in Etosha is the soil, which turns dry from the horniness and sun. It turns to a desert and many animals move away until the next large rainfall, which creates lakes for the animal activity in a year. The precipitation in Etosha is an important factor because it provides water for the animals and the gear ups. It is also a home for small organisms such as the bullfrog. The heat causes the lakes to dry and the movement of animals until the next rainy season. This heat even kills some animals suchas the pelicans. The animals start to the water holes before morning because of the extreme heat. The animals get light from the sun as their main source.On a whole, many animals go to sleep when the sun goes down and will start again in the morning for their quest for food and survival. A chemical cycle that occurred in Etosha was the Nitrogen Cycle. Nitrogen fastening occurs when the thunderstorms pass through Etosha. In the soil, bacteria convert ammonia to nitrate through nitrification. Assimilation occurs when plant proteins convert to animal protein with the herbivores like the giraffe. The pelican goes through ammonification when it dies the bacteria decompose into ammonia again. Lastly, denitrification occurs when nitrate converts to nitrogen, which is released into the environment. These are the major abiotic and biotic factors within the Etosha environment.

Primary Source Analysis: the French Revolution and Human Rights

perchance one of the or so unique eras in solid ground history was the understanding, a time period in which intellectuals like Voltaire, Adam Smith and Denis Diderot Observed with unprecedented acuity the evils and f integritys of pityingity night club in their daylight (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, March and, and, 621) and sought to change the worldview of their generation both complaisantly and semi governmentally. Those intellectuals believed that by sharing an aspiration to break up knowledge, human judgments could resist ignorance. Today, the ideals of those Enlightenment thinkers have become the foundation of many, if not all human societies.The Enlightenment had a smashing impact on the world, particularly on Europeans who were customary to old practices of fixed social hierarchies, in which the king held absolute power. The knowledge gained from this intellectual movement brought about many changes in society. minority groups such as women gained confidence i n their own worthinessto create art, to write books, to observe the world accurately, and perhaps even rule their states (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, and, 619). The Enlightenment withal paved the way for a newer approach towards the fancy of human rights.Human beings were given certain individual rights known as their natural rights that was always comfortable by law. Before the French Revolution, European cultures were restricted by two major institutions the Catholic and Protestant churches and the dynastic court systems (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) where individual rights were given based on social ranks. The Enlightenment influenced the concept of human rights in France in that society had a better awareness of their world, which contributed to the emergence of cultural ambitions such as women forming political clubs to debate for social and political luciferity.Traditional governance ideas were gradually replaced by new governing visions to protect the natural rights of citizens over the kings authority. For instance, prior traditional Christian belief in original sin and Gods mysterious tamperings with natural forces and human events (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) were abandoned. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens was also established, which helped changed the social and political structure of the country.Additionally, and perhaps the most influence the Enlightenment had on the concept of human rights in France was that it provided freedom of religion, freedom of the press, no taxation without representation, elimination of excessive punishments, and various safeguards against arbitrary presidentship (Hunt, 77). Having been greatly influenced by the American War of Independence, French officers who served in North America arrived home dismissed by the ideals of liberty that they saw in action in the New World (Hunt, 13).French deputies met in 1789 with constitutional ideals adopted from Americans like Thomas Jefferson and George Mason, establishing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens in an effort to drive the ideas of rights and liberties in a more universalistic direction (Hunt, 13). A more Universalistic direction basically meant alternate ideals of the old order with knowledge gained from the Enlightenment. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens empowered all French citizens with protected liberties and granted all men equality under the law.It also declared that the basis of all sovereignty rests most importantly in the nation. Additionally, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens not only grant these rights, but trumpeted individual rights, the regulation of equality and connected more closely the concept of the population with the nation (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 647). It is obvious that the document had great significance. Prior to the declaration, political and social situations raised questions that we re often left unanswered, usually sparking tensions between government and society.Frances government was based on the old order, a monarchy system in which feudalism was practiced and depressed values were vital. Under such system, legitimacy depended on the kings will and maintenance of a historic order that granted privileges according to ranks and status (Hunt, 15). The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens granted all people of the French society equality under the law, yet the content of those true, inalienable natural rights of humanity remained indefinable (Hunt, 6).Several national assemblies were held, but not one of them acknowledged womens political rights. Rather, all of those assemblies dodged granting women equal political rights. Women were still forbidden the rights to meet as a group, draft grievances, or vote (Hunt, 60). As a result, women, influenced by the declaration, debated for specific rights when they saw the opening created by the convocation of the Estates General and hoped to make their claims for inclusion body in the promised reform (Hunt, 60). Between 1790 and 1791, members of a group called Cercle Social, formed by agitated omen, campaigned for equal political rights. Their campaign exposed discrimination against women that denied them equal rights in marriage and education. In that same year (1791), feminine activist Marie Olympe De Gouges issued the Declaration of the Rights of women in an effort to prove that women had been excluded from the promises of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. In her declaration, she requested that The law should be the general will. tout ensemble citizenesses and citizens should take partin its formation. It must be the same for everyone.All citizenesses and citizens, being equal in its eyes, should be equally admissible to all mankind dignities, offices and employments (Hunt, 27). She argued that women and men were innate(p) equal in rights. Therefore, women should have all those rights that a man enjoys such as holding public offices. However, all of these actions of the Parisian women soon increased the National normals negativity towards women and their rights. From October 29-30, 1793, the National Convention held a discussion about womens political clubs and abolished all womens clubs.They claimed that women were hardly capable of tremendous conceptions and cogitations because their body and social role made them unsuited for public affairs (Hunt, 29). Yet, they felt threatened by womens organized political activities. The Age of Enlightenment significantly changed the fundamentals of European cultures, and French society during the eighteenth century. It took them away from their rituals of the old regime where government was dominated by monarchy. It formulated ideas on how the churches and the dynastic court systems could be reformed.The Enlightenment also influenced the establishment of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citiz ens. However, fundamental questions about rights especially that of women, remained unanswered. The declaration did little to change the inferior status of women. None of the national assemblies ever considered legislation granting political rights to women (who could neither vote nor hold office), and on a few occasions on which the possibility arose, as yet tentatively, the deputies greeted it with widespread derision and incredulity (Hunt, 27).

Discuss Changing Family Structures in the Uk and Give Examples of Sociological Theories That Provide Explanations as to Why and How Families Have Changed.

discourse changing family social organisations in the UK and give examples of sociological theories that provide explanations as to why and how families let changed. This essay give discuss the various family structures in society. It will give theoretical explanation as to why and how families look at changed. The essay will also bring statistical, historical and political evidence to back up the con be for these changes. During the pre-industrial society the extended family was the most common family structure.This family structure involves three generations including the parents, children and either the grandparents (vertical-extended) or uncles and aunts (horizontally-extended). The extended family structure was essential for this society as families were a unit of production so they needed as many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) workers as they could get. Michael Anderson (1971) argued that in critical life situations in that location was a dependence on the extended famil y for dish and support. Then Parsons (1949) said large families were economically beneficial, so the extended family was the most suited structure.However, during in the industrial rotary motion family life changed. It was no vaster seen as a unit of production but immediately a unit of consumption. The thermonuclear family emerged and became the main family structure. However, the extended family may become popular once much as in our current society people are living longer and state funding on residential care has ebbd so this has shifted the care and responsibility onto the family. Also, there has been an increase in Multi-generational families. The earlier age of child-bearing reducing the age gap between generations (Fulcher and Scott, 2011 446)The nuclear family consisted of two generations, the mother, father and their children. Parsons (1949) argued that industrialisation resulted in a shift from the extended family to the nuclear family, as its char molderistics ar e more typical for a capitalist society. Parsons (1956) believed that you must move where there is work and that you should provided take your immediate family with you not every champion. This is why nuclear families were more beneficial as it was easier to move for work with just your immediate amily. With the industrial revolution and the growth of capitalism, production was no longer carried out by family members, but by workers. Public policies were sic in place during 1940-1970 such(prenominal) as the welfare state, which was designed to support family roles (breadwinner and caring mother). Since then there has been significant changes in public policies such as the divorce reform act (1967), the abortion act (1967), the equal pay act (1970), the sex discrimination act (1975) and maternity leave was introduced.This gave women more granting immunity and more opportunities especially within employment and lifestyle choices. This lead to social change postponement of marriage and childbearing, the number of divorces in England and Wales increased from 6,000 in 1938 to more than 48,000 in 1968, and in 1960 the fertility rate was 2. 72%, dropping to 1. 93% in 1998. Due to these rapid increases in divorce cohabitation has become more preferred for couples as there are no legal ties, the couple can see how it goes before devising any major decisions such as marriage.Also couples may marry later as weddings are costly and they dont have the money to afford one due to the recession, however living with individually other saves money. This was the democratic and educational revolution and the era of the nuclear family. However, with impertinently policies in place and such major social change, from the 1970s onwards it became the post-industrial society and the rise of post-modernism. This society brought new family structures, and units that were previously comprehend as unacceptable became acceptable.Since the divorce reform act (1967) divorces have ra pidly increased resulting in many re-marriages, introducing the reconstituted family unit. This family includes children that live with one biological parent and a step-parent. These families may also include step/ fractional brothers and sisters. Divorce has also meant there are many more single-parent families. This is a family structure where only one parent takes care of the children. This can be due to birth outside of marriage, divorce and death or imprisonment of a partner.Murray (1990) would argue that the rise in single parent families is due to the underclass and unparented families. Boys without fathers are inadequately socialised and dont have a male role model. When they have their own children they wont have an understanding of a dad role, so this may result in them being absent in the childs life and legal separation from the wife/partner. Marx (1848) would argue that the equipment failure of marriage is due to the conflict that the capitalist society is creating a nd this is affecting relationships.Feminist, Delphy (1977) argues that the exploitation of womens labour is root in the domestic mode of production within the household, not in the capitalist mode of production. custody hold a superior position within the domestic mode of production and exploit women done marriage (Fulcher and Scott, 2011 435). This exploitation could create conflict and domestic violence may occur resulting in separation/divorce. Lastly, some individuals blame single-parent families on the permissiveness of the sexual revolution.Jeffrey Weeks (1989) believes that post-war changes in capitalism has led to a new pleasure-seeking attitude in females, which resulted in sexual behaviour as a source of pleasure rather a means of producing children. This can relate to why there are so many single-parent families headed by women from births outside marriage. Finally the most recent type of family structure is same sex families. This involves a transgendered couple (gay or lesbian) that take care of children. This is the newest family unit as the polished partnership law was only passed in 2004.Since then 45,000 have been formed up until 2010. Homosexual couples have been apparent for a long time however only recently have the attitudes towards them become more acceptable resulting in the civil partnership law. Beck (1992) says this is because of individualisation people are designing their lives based on their own choice not expectations. Also, people have very different attitudes now to previously in history, so homosexuality is more widely accepted. In conclusion, family structures are constantly changing and there is never only one type.Family structures tend to base around suiting the type of society there in. Policies can increase or decrease certain family structures. For example the divorce reform act (1967) increased single parent and reconstituted families and decreased the nuclear family. Also new family structures, same sex families h ave been introduced because of policies and change in attitudes. There may be new family structures in the future as society progresses. References- Fulcher, J. and Scott, J. (2011) Sociology. Oxford Oxford University Press.