Contrast in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay Example for Free

Contrast in Conrads Heart of Darkness EssayConrad uses contrast in his legend Heart of Darkness. Conrad would use contrast to convey meaning in his writing. Not only did contrast help convey meaning, but he as well used it to show feelings. Of the many contrast in Heart of Darkness the difference of light and dark and the difference between the Thames River and the Congo River are the about obvious. The biggest contrast in Heart of Darkness is the difference between light and dark. London represents the light. London is in civilization, and if London represents the light, then civilization also has a big thing to do with light.The light represents everything that everyone has learned in their life, whether it was through experiences or through other peoples mistakes. On the other side there is the darkness. Africa is the important representation of darkness. Africa was uncivilized territory that everyone wanted to explore, but the darkness frightened people. Everything that happened in the darkness, cannibals and savages prowled the darkness, awaiting travelers. Africa is the heart of darkness. The contrast of the Thames River and the Congo River is also big in the story.The Thames is characterized as calm. Like the light the Thames represents good. The light from London makes sure the river is seen and nothing is cryptic about the river. On the other hand, the Congo is a dark, cryptic river. It is a attitude of evil. The contrast of these two rivers is the difference between the good and the evil, and light and dark. The Thames is peaceful and tranquil it symbolizes light and civilization. The Congo is wild and barbaric it symbolizes the dark and everything uncivilized and frightening.

The reality of war Essay Example for Free

The reality of fight EssayChoose devil or more poems from the weft that reveal the reality of war. Write about these poems in as much detail as possible, comparing the attitude and tone in each poem.The two poems I have chosen are dulce et decorum est and anthem for doomed youth which are both written by Wilfred Owen in October 1917, who served in the capital war. He wrote many poems about the reality of war which he learned during the years he served, to try and bring out the truth of war which was existence covered up by jingoistic writers and propaganda. In both of the poems there is a very negative, depressing tone. The reason for writing these poems is to uncover the harsh realities of war, and to base men thinking of joining up to the forces the real life of war, and not the way the jingoistic writers have been showing the war. Because the way people saw the war back in Britain was totally different to the war in the trenches, and Owen was not pleased with this at al l.Wilfred Edward Salter Owen was born on touch 18, 1893. and after tour a hospital he decided, in September, 1915, to go back to England and sign up.After serving for almost two years Owen was injured in March 1917 and sent home he was fit for duty in August, 1918, and returned to the frontline. November 4, just s yet days before the Armistice, he was caught in a German implement gun attack and killed. He was twenty-five when he pass bydThe meaning of dulce et decorum est is quite an ironic and sarcastic meaning , because it means it is sweet and honourable to die for your country, however Owen really doesnt agree with this at all, therefore he is being sarcastic.In my opinion the poem is written for men thinking of joining up to the army, that need to know what war life is really worry.The conditions in the trenches was very naughtiness, and the very bad condition that the s experiencediers had to withstand. The soldiers had to march for days without rest and leading sever e injuries. knack double, like old beggars under sacks , knock kneed , coughing like hagsThis tells us that they have been squatting in their small trenches, and their not used to the walking. And also it shows us that they were helpless and the conditions were awful.The soldiers had been walking for days, and that the overleap of medication and the gasses used in the war was causing had caused the soldiers to become very ill, and they started coughing.There was also a severe lack of rest amongst the soldiers and the soldiersmen marched asleepbut they were very determined to carry on, but most of them didnt know what was happening and they were practically asleep, but they had cryptograph else to do, had nothing left apart from to carry on marching til the end. They were like zombies marching to their deathReal war life was totally different from what the jingoistic writers had do it out to be.limped on, blood-shod. All went lame all went blindThe soldiers were injured badly, and covered in blood (not only their own) but they are very determined to carry on.The soldiers also had chosen to try and ignore what was happening and were choosing to be blind, and not watch what was happening, because it was very depressing.Other bad conditions for the soldiers is the noise factorDeaf even to the hootsthis shows us that because of all of the explosions and the guns firing, and the soldiers were used to the noise, and blocked it out altogether, because all day there was bombs going off , and guns firing.The soldiers didnt seem to be prepared for everything, because as the archetype for the gas attack. And it seemed to be quite manic, as the soldiers tried to put on their helmets.an ecstasy of fumblingusually ecstasy means excitement, or something positive. But in this case it is the opposite and it is a very worrying time.There was also many risks , which the jingoists had never mentioned, but Owen wanted people to know aboutbut someone still was yelling out and st umblingas a soldier couldnt put on his helmet and unfortunately died.Owen described the death of the soldier with the theme of water, as the gas killed him, and it is as if the gas was described as water..under a green sea, I saw him drowningplunges at mechocking, drowning.In the third stanza the tone changes and slows cumulus and after the first two stanzas describing the conditions, the rhythms calms down.Owen makes us feel sorry and quite sad as he describes how they followed the wagon that the soldier had been thrown into the back of. fucking the wagon that we flung him in,and watch the white eyes writhing in his face,his hanging face like a devils sick of sinthis says that the soldier looked so bad that he was like a the devils sick. (Which is not a pretty sight)as the poem draws to an end it is very depressing.gargling from the froth corrupted lungs,obscene as genus Cancer bitter as the cudthe cud is a slang word for the countryside, and that could be reverting to the countr yside as the battlefield.There is also a feeling of repent as he saysincurable sores, on innocent tonguesI think this means that it has left a physical mark, or a bad sagacity in the mouth.The poem then ends withthe old lie dulce et decorum estpro patria mori.Which it is sweet and honourable to die for country, which in Owens view definitely untrue, hence the old lieIn anthem for domed youth, there is a standardized tone to dulce, as they were both written by owen at a similar time.In my opinion the reason for the name anthem for doomed youth is because as the soldiers were marching thoughts o death would be running through the soldiers heads.At the start of the 1st stanza there is a question askingwhat passing bells for those who die as cattlethis is an effective way of describing the soldiers because it is like the soldiers are like cows in a slaughterhouse, and the soldiers are just marching to their death.In this poem Owen describes what a soldiers death would be like, and de scribes what happens when a soldier dies.

Development of Child Minding Business: Activity Planning

Development of Child Minding Business Activity PlanningUnit TwoPart One financial backing for a minor minding businessClear documentation is natural, as it is an ara that receives inspection from Ofsted. Ofsted is the independent regulatory body for schools (including boor elevator care providers delivering the early eld foundation stage curriculum) that reports directly to the government.The documentation you need for a nestling minding business are as followsCriminal records bureau encumber (CRB)- this will snap a person for any criminal records or convictions that may be held against their name. CRB is the first piece of documentation that should be filed in the documentation toolkit. A CRB check is necessary for any adult that will be caring for children within the childcare move.Child record line- this provides a snapshot of crucial discipline relating to the child being cared for and will be the first form accessed in the case of an emergency. This form should in clude, childs name, D.O.B, address, parent/carers address and contact details, childs doctors names and contact details, 2 emergency contacts, medical history, immunisations, allergies, dietary requirements, medical conditions, religion (if earmark) and any otherwise pertinent randomness.Child information record book- this is an essential piece of documentary evidence required by Ofsted, it documents daily the various activities a child has carried out, solid food they reserve eaten, number of nappies changes (if applicable) and any other relevant information relating to the child that occurs during the day. The book is usually taken family line daily or weekly by the parent so they can see what activities their child has been engaging in during the day and what learning has taken place. The record book can in any case act as a means of communication for non-urgent items amid the parent and child care provider.Childcare agreement forms- this provides the contract between the parent and the childcare provider. The child care agreement sets out essential information such as the childs contact details, parent/guardian information, start date, hours and days the child will be attending, details of collection from the setting and fee information (including any retainer fees that may be payable).Accident record and fortuity forms- the virgule form gives a detailed account collide with the accident that has occurred, where it happened, names of any adults who witnessed the accident, type of first aid that was given at the time (if applicable), this should also include the date, name and signature of the person who unblemished the form. It should also contain a section for the childs parent to sign to confirm that they have read the report and are aware of the accident. The incident form is very similar to the accident form, it is used to give details of anything that may result in the child becoming upset and distressed ex, a child may be playing with a f amily cat and be scratched. The incident form is to be completed and signed the same as the accident form and read and signed by the parent.Existing injuries form- an existing injuries form is used to document any injuries, (bruise or cut) which a child may drive with. Both the childcare provider and the parent should sign the form. These could be completed in the setting before the session starts or issued to parents in advanced.Fire and gum elastic form- this is used to give details if the correct evacuation process from the setting in case of a fire breaking out. alone children being cared for should be regularly exposed to a practice fire drill the dates of the drill and children involved should be documented, dated and signed in the fire guard duty form.fomite records and parent permission to travel in a vehicle- this form should contain information regarding registered and assure vehicles that are to be used for the purpose of childcare. These vehicles should have appropr iate insurance cover and documentation about who is insured and registered to dive the children around. As well as the vehicle record, it is necessary to gravel a signed form from a parent giving permission for their child to be transported in their childcare provision registered vehicles. This could be for regular trips t a playgroup, the park or an organised outing.Prescription and non-prescription medical record card- this can either be incorporated into the childs record or detailed ruinly. It should contain information on prescription and non-prescription medicines the child may need administered by the childcare provider. It should detail the name of the drug, dose and frequency it should be administered. The childcare provision should obtain written permission from the parent for each drug to be given to their child. Each time it is administered it should be recorded in the form. This procedure should also be carried out for non-prescription medication that a child requires , as agreed with the parent. The parent should also detail under what circumstances the medication should be given.Outings and consent forms- in that location are 2 different typed of consent forms that may be required for documenting small trips and pre-planned larger scale trips. A form including clauses that detail the types of outings a child can go on can be used this form could include permission statements for trips on public transport, foot, carers cars or any other car (e.g. carers friends car). This form should be signed by the parent and kept in the childs file. In addition to this form a separate form may be required for larger outings, or for those that may require financial contribution from the parent.Financial forms- record of earnings, invoice, receipt- as well as the collection of forms already discussed, there are three necessary financial forms for recording financial details relating to the home child care business. Record of payment of fees- used to record f ee payments by the parent. The childcare provider signs to say that the payments by the parent have been received. There may be occasions when a receipt is used for other purposes, educational products purchased from the childcare provider.Record of illness- any complaints may be required to be shared with parents, Ofsted and possibly other agencies. Therefore, it is exceedingly important that the complaints form is completed accurately, and as soon after the complaint is made so the information is accurate. The next section should contain details of the complaint in full. The following sections should go on to detail how the complaint was dealt with, along with any action that was taken. The child provider should ten sign and date the form. Depending on the nature of complaint, it might be necessary to refer it to Ofsted, particularly if an allegation f serious harm or abuse is made.Part Two Activities that steady children snap collide withmentallyPlay is an essential part of a child development, and there are many activities that can be done to enhance the development of a child, intellectually, socially and physically.Depending on the space available, there are various different options for incorporating physical development activities into a childs day for example, skipping is a grievous physical development activity as it encourages co-ordination and strength. Physical development activities also help to promote a healthy living and exercise.Physical development also helps to develop a childs gross-motor skills gross-motor skills refer to the big physical movements made by a child or pander, such as crawling, curl and walking.Additional activities that enhance physical development of gross-motor skills are throwing or catching a ball this develops hand eye co-ordination, riding a bike this helps to develop balance skills, and hopscotch this helps to develop jumping and counting skills.Fine-motor skills involve dexterity and fine sustain of muscl e movements such as, writing, drawing, using a knife and fork and doing up clothing. Fine-motor skills require a child to use precise and well-controlled movements there are many activities that can be used to develop these skills such as a dressing up box.There is a wide range of multi-sensory toys to develop a babys fine-motor skills from around 9months. Toys that can be squeezed to make a noise, or finger foods are ideal for a babys hand eye co-ordination.At about 12months, a baby will warmth to drop objects such as toys. An excellent toy to have is a shape sorter babies love the bright colours and will love the sound of the shapes dropping into the sorter. Fine-motor skills are used as the baby picked up each shape, determines where it goes and turning it until it drops into the sorter.For toddlers up to about 24months, the range of fine-motor skill activities changes. A brilliant addition to the home or setting is a dressing up box. Toddlers enjoy dressing and undressing and a dressing up box helps to encourage fine-motor skills with the various fastenings that the toddler may encounter on the clothing such as zips and buttons, it also encourages creativity.Painting, drawing and colouring are also excellent ways to develop toddlers fine-motor skills.Multi-sensory baby books are a great aid for developing a baby intellectually. There are lots of picture books in the market that have mirrors, crinkly fabric etc. that babies love to touch when being read stories. Music, singing and colourful, noisy toys all provide brilliant stimulation for a babys intellectual development.For toddlers there is a wide range of activities that can be used to stimulate intellectual development. Card games such as pairs are very popular, as are board games such as connect four and dominoes. These are excellent for developing numeracy skills. Toddlers have very inquisitive minds and there are intellectual learning opportunities around every corner during the day-to-day activiti es that can be promoted by questioning, such as what do you think we do next.Role-play is an excellent way to develop social skills in a safe environment, children can explore different roles in different settings for example, a direct office could be set up where children have to interact with each other as customer and staff.Again here, this task is very closely matched to the athletic field guide. Please amend this task and ensure that you are writing in your own words.Task three- Draft food health and safety policy either employees, paid or voluntary, who handle food, have a responsibility toMaintain a high standard of personal hygieneRefrain from handling food when they or anyone at home are suffering from an infectious disease such as diarrhoea, throat infection or rashesAdhere to the settings health and safety policyReport any shortcomings to the appropriate person, e.g. Faulty or damaged storage, preparation and service equipmentPrinciples of handling foodAll foods essent ial be checked to ensure they are of the quality, substance and temperature required and that they are within there use-by datesAll foods must be stored under conditions that will prevent their deterioration, instructions on the label, if present, must be followedKeep it clean-keep it cool- keep it coveredFood and food only, must be stored in areas designated specifically for that purpose (refrigerators, cupboards etc.)Saucepan handles should not overhang the stave or worktop edgesAny food or liquid spillage must be cleaned up right offWhen cookery food, recipes or packet instructions must be followedFood not eaten at the meal it was prepared/given must not be kept or offered at a later on timeSigns of any type of pest infection must be reported immediatelyPrinciple of safely using equipment in food areasAll electrical equipment must be switched off and the plug removed from the power source when it is being cleaned or not in useRefrigerators, freezers and other types of tempera ture control equipment must be routinely checked to ensure there effectivenessAll equipment must be according to manufacturers instructionsDoors and lids of equipment in use should fit securelyHob burners, grills, ovens etc. must always be turned off when not in useAll cooking equipment should be checked when in use to ensure that it is functioning correctly. Any slight electrical shock received from the equipment must be reported immediatelyAll equipment and working surfaces must be kept in a clean and hygienic conditionCleaning chemicals should be used at the appointed dilution rateTask four- Travel planAmount of children attending 3Destination 100acre woodsDate of trip 3rd September 2014Time of diversion 09.15amTime of return 12.15pmPermission slips received 3Travelling via carEnsure full tank of petrolEnsure car is correctly insuredEnsure child locks are enabledEnsure breakdown coverEnsure permission slips and informed of any child likely to attempt to take off their seatbeltE nsure all children have suitable clothing e.g. rain coatEnsure there is a first aid kit in car and any medication that may be needed Joshuas inhalerEnsure there are snacks and plenty to drinkEnsure risk sound judgment has been carried out before organising the trip -low risk

Installation Of Solar Power System Construction Essay

stack awayation Of solar Power System Construction EssayMoshi urban Water bring out and Sanitation pronouncement is currently direct third boreholes which depend on electric power from TANESCO to die the submersible pee pumps. Moreover the Authority has plans to explore more boreholes to supplement the diminishing surface peeing supply abstraction capacity.The use of electric power from TANESCO has two major constraints to the Authority which are high tariffs and erratic power supply. Due to high tariffs, the cost of ravel the boreholes has become higher(prenominal) than the revenue received from selling of the abstracted water. Also, due to erratic power supply the population served by boreholes faces irregular water supply. jibe to MUWSAs 2011/2012 annual report data, electricity cost for running the boreholes was .. while the revenue realised in selling the produced water was .. this shows that, the running costs are higher than revenue by ..%. Because the Authority has plans to explore more boreholes, the electricity costs may trend hampers the sustainability of the Authority.The overall objective of this throw away is to implement the solar qualification power system as an alternative source of power that pull up stakes cut down the costs of operating the boreholes. The solar power systems allow for be installed at every borehole and the electricity from TANESCO get out remain at borehole stations as a backup power.This propose is intended to facilitate cost-effective water payoff and ensuring steady supply of water to the customers served finished boreholes. The acoustic purgeion go away install solar energy power systems into ternary boreholes, and it is expected to reduce the boreholes summons costs by %.This regard is expected to costTZS and entrust be implemented for the period of .years. magnetic inclination OF ABBREVIATIONTANESCO Tanzania Electric Supply CompanyLIST OF FIGURES TABLESFigure 1 Network analysis Model6Figure 2 attain breakdown structure7Fig 3 governing breakdown structure8Figure 4 Organisation structure of Summy Company..12 disconcert 1 Responsibility Matrix10Table 2 expulsion computer programing..14Table 3 Gantt chart.15Table 4 Project budget.17Table 5 jeopardy ranking.19Table 6 vitally hyaloplasm.19TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE thickset ivLIST OF ABBREVIATION vLIST OF FIGURES TABLES viBASIC DATA SUMMARY 12.0 forecast CHARTER AND STAKEHOLDER MAP 2WORK AND ORGANISATION BREAK guttle STRUCTURE 74.1 Social appraisal 114.2 political appraisal 114.3 Technical appraisal 114.4 Environmental appraisal 114.5 Economical and financial appraisal 114.6 Sustainability and risks appraisal 11PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 125.1 counselling arrangement 125.2 monitor and Evaluation 125.2.1Monitoring 135.2.2 Evaluation 135.3 Quality Management 135.4 Project Timing and scheduling 135.5 Project Gantt chart 145.6 Project Budgeting 166.1 Risk Identification 186.2 Risk fortune 186.3 Criticality Matrix 19R isk Urgency assessment 19Table 7 Risk Urgency assessment 20CONCLUSION 21REFERENCE 23BASIC DATA SUMMARY1.1 Project Name Installation of Solar Energy System at MUWSA Boreholes1.2 Organization Name Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority1.3 Location Tanzania, East Africa.1.4 Implementer Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation AuthorityAddress P.O. Box degree Celsius1Telephone/facsimile machine Tel +255 (027) 51164. Fax +255 027 542561.5 Contact Person Mr .Tumaini Sadikieli MaranduPosition /Title Project ManagerPhone Number 0754 319 4971.6 Project Duration 1.7 Total Project Cost TSH. .1.8 Proposed send-off Date Soon afterwards receiving Fund1.9 Project Beneficiaries . MUWSA and customers served with boreholes.2.0 PROJECT CHARTER AND STAKEHOLDER MAP2.1 Project background and rationale.Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority was established by Waterworks Act CAP 272 charged with the responsibility of providing water supply and sewerage services in Moshi Municipality , Kilimanjaro region. It was first established in 1994 as autonomous commercial oriented water department, supervised by an Advisory Board as an outcome of implementation of the National Water form _or_ system of government of 1991.In July 1998 MUWSA became an autonomous Authority with full operational, managerial and financial powers in accordance with Water Act No.8 of 1997. However, currently MUWSA operates in accordance with Water Supply and Sanitation Act No. 12 of 2009. The Authority operates as category A and thus finances all its operational costs and part of upper-case letter investments, leaving the obligation of major capital investments to the Government.MUWSA has an average water production of 25,500m/day, which comes from natural underground aquifers through springs and boreholes before being transported through 18.4km of water infection mains and distributed in a network having a length of 249 km. Springs contributes .% of water produced while boreholes contribute .%. Springs uses gravity supply system while boreholes use electric pumps.Since MUWSA finances all its operational costs, electricity is the cost centre that has been rising per annum. The electricity bill has risen from TZS in 2011/2012 annual budget to TZS in 2012/2013. Also production from boreholes has dropped from m3/day in financial year 2010/2011 to m3/day in 2011/2012 due to intermittent power supply.For those reasons MUWSA intends to install solar energy power systems into existing three boreholes for the aim of reducing the boreholes operation costs by % and ensuring steady supply of water to the customers served through boreholes.2.2 Project Description2.2.1 Project Title Installation of Solar Power Systems to the three Boreholes at Moshi Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority.2.2.2 Project Goal Improved water supply services at areas served by boreholes by installation of new solar power systems.2.2.3 Project Overall Objective2.2.3.1 To increase water supply hours in areas served by boreholes from an average of 12 hours to 24 hours per day by June 2015.Water supply services in areas served by boreholes are compromised by the intermittent power supply from TANESCO. To overcome this task MUWSA plans to install solar power systems to the currently owned three boreholes as an alternative power solution which is reliable and cost-effective.StrategiesCollaborate with Ministry of Water and increment partners for accompaniment the project.Composing a project team with members having relevant skills on project counsel and installations of solar power energy systems.Involvement of MUWSA management and the technical staffs on various stages of project implementation.2.2.4 Project OutputThe outcome of this project is to consent 24 hours water supply services in areas served by boreholes.Clients Reasonable ExpectationsThe prosperous completion of this project pass on give the following benefitsSupply of water for 24 hours especially to customers w ho are served by boreholes which allow consequently improve their satisfaction.MUWSA will raise more revenue from water sales.The use of solar power which is of lower cost than power from TANESCO will cut down costs of operating the boreholes.Project ActivitiesThis project will consist of the following activities. fightermit the project proposal to the Ministry of Water and Development partners.Prepare project design and tender documents assure contractor for project implementation.Site survey and clearanceLay foundation for electrical fittings houseBrickworks, Roofing, and carpentry works of electrical fittings house.Lay foundation for solar panels fixing base reconstruct solar panels and electrical equipments.Electrical voltage testsConnecting power to the water pumpsWater pump testsHandover the project.2.2.7 Stakeholders AnalysisThis project will pick out various people who have an interest on it.Customers who are served by boreholesManagement of Moshi Urban Water Supply And S ewerage AuthorityMinistry of WaterDevelopment partnersLocal and Regional administrationsPoliticiansProject team2.2.8 Project Logical Frameworkuhdsfuhd2.2.7 Cost of the Project 2,250,000,000/= (See attached budget)2.2.8 Duration of ProjectThe completion of this project will be after five years. After completion the final valuations will be conducted at the end of year five extensively to review the full-length project so as it will sustainable for long run.2.2.10 Project strategyThis project needs strategies which will facilitate the project to achieve its project destruction and objectives. Such strategies areTo use a project team which consists of members who are expertise in spin of building and are very committed to the work.To exact TPSC management and students who will use that hostel in stakeholder analysis2.2.12 Logical frame Work see annex.WORK AND ORGANISATION BREAK DOWN STRUCTUREThis section deals with work and organisation breakdown structure, network analysis and r esponsibility matrix of the project.3.1 Network Analysis Model for year one .Critical way Method (CPM)0 0 0START0 1 1A0 0 11 35 36B1 0 361 30 41C6 5 3636 70 106D36 0 106106 60 166E106 0 166166 one C 266F166 0 266366FINISH366266 20 286H351 80 371266 100 366G266 0 366Critical path and milestone is START -A -B -D -E -F -G FINISH Figure 1 Network analysis Model3.2 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTUREConstruction of hostelSub StructureStructureFinishing control sitePrepare shoot downDesign House PlanLay FoundationBrickwork to all stratumsRoof carpentryFix windows and doorsInstall ElectricityPaintingInstall toilet bathroomPlumping pipe workBrickwork to floor 1Brickwork to floor 2Brickwork to floor 3Brickwork to floor 4Figure 2 Work breakdown structure3.3 Organisation breakdown structure (project organisation structure)Project ManagerEngineers pipe fittersCarpenters architectsbuilderDesignerFig 3 Organisation breakdown structure3.4 Responsibility matrixesOBS NameWBS TaskProject ManagerDesignerBui lderEngineersPlumberCarpenterDecoratorVisit siteARRDesign House PlanRARPrepare LandRALay FoundationRABrickwork to all floorsRARoof carpentryRRAFix windows and doorsRAInstall ElectricityRAPaintingRAPlumping pipe workRATable 1 Responsibility MatrixA Means accountable personR means responsible personPROJECT APPRAISALThis section will assess the practicability of the project. It will give the accurate analysis of the project economically, socially, politically and environmentally. Appraisal show whether the project is technically sounds, financially justified and if have benefit or negative impact to the society and government as whole.4.1 Social appraisalThis project will have high impact to the fag group (Students of TPSC) and society at large. This project will help many students to stay within the campus at low cost ie.Tsh.200,000/= per semester. Society living round the college will benefit by selling goods and services to students.4.2 Political appraisalThis project is compatib le with government policy. This is because one of the goals in Tanzania government policy is to cater quality education.4.3 Technical appraisalThe project will use technology which is familiar to our experts. There is no need of requesting foreign consultancy outside the country. Although in cost somatic resources there is need of requesting some resource material from abroad.4.4 Environmental appraisalThis project will not affect the environment. This project will treasure environment because trees will be planted across the building and roads. Those trees will protect land and keep good atmosphere.4.5 Economical and financial appraisalThis project will increase national income and will be a source of temporary employment to 100 peoples in Tabora region. This project will generate an approximated ofTsh. 2,000,000,000 after 5 years. See income statements under budget.4.6 Sustainability and risks appraisalSustainability of this project is high. This project will be sustainable f rom implementation and after being completed. Although there are some risk which will have impact to the project success. Such risk includes delay of broth, bad weather, key employee will not present when needed and capital inflation which can cause price of material to rise up.PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLANThis part gives short explanations about Management arrangement, Budgeting, Monitoring and evaluation and Quality management of the project.5.1 Management arrangementOrganisation structure is among components in organisation which affect performance within organization Operations.Summy Company is the company which is operate well due to good organisation structure.Below is the organisation structure of Summy Company which implement this project.C.E.OHuman Resource ManagerProcurement managerfinance managerIT managerProject managerHeads of department in projectFigure 4 Organisation structure of Summy Company5.2 Monitoring and EvaluationMonitoring and Evaluation is very important in any project implementation. This is because in project, monitoring and evaluation enables to know the progress of the project, if money and resources are used fit to the plan, to resolve conflict among project staffs, to check the quality of the product or service provided as well as to assess whether the project meets the stakeholder needs or not.5.2.1MonitoringThis project will be monitored daily by project manager and other project team members who will be formulated by project manager. This process will be done every day in modulate to check if the project activities are done effectively and correct harmonize to the stakeholder needs and to resolve conflict among project team5.2.2 EvaluationEvaluation of this project will be done annually at three levels. take one will include the project implementing team. The overall in charge manager of this level is project manager. The second level of evaluation will involve different stakeholders and internal specialist evaluator. The t hird evaluation of this project will include away project evaluator. The project evaluator evaluates the whole project annually and then prepares evaluation annual report of the project. Areas to evaluate will include checking the cash outflow in a project, the resources plan, and implementation schedule, overall progress of the project and the direction of the project. Evaluation will allow project manager and management team to make decisions in order to meet project deadline, to produce quality product or services and to use money according to the budget allocated. But evaluation team of year five will includes internal and external experts of evaluation, stakeholders who have high interest and high power within a project, project manager, project sponsor, government and community.5.3 Quality ManagementThe purpose of quality Management is to ensure that the projects meet specification and customer requirements (Smith 2008). This project will produce the product which has high qu ality. In order to manage the quality of the product, the quality management team will be created. This quality management team will work together with monitoring and evaluation team.5.4 Project Timing and schedulingThis project will be done into four grades. Phase one will be completed at the end of year one, phase two will be completed at the end of year two, phase three will be completed at the end of year three and phase four will be completed at the end of year five. The table below shows project activities with its corresponding durations.Table 2 Project schedulingS.NOActivityDuration in(Days)Immediate PredecessorsVisit site01Design house Plan35APrepare Land35ABLay foundation70C gushy water on foundation60DBrickwork to floor 1100EPouring water on floor 1100FMonitoring and Evaluation20GBrickwork to floor 2100G,EFPouring water on floor 2100IBrickwork to floor 3100JPouring water on floor 3100KMonitoring and evaluation14LBrickwork to floor 4100M,KPouring water on floor 4100NRoof carpentry90OFix windows and doors90PInstall toilets and bathroom90QPlumping pipe work90PInstall Electricity90PU.Monitoring and evaluation14TV.Writing project report30UW.Project settlement/submit project to client1V5.5 Project Gantt chartActivityDuration(days)Immediate PredecessorNumbers of duration in years but shared into phase of 6 months123456mnts6mnts6mnts6mnts6mnts6mnts6mnts6mnts6mnts6mntsA01B35AC35ABD70CE60DF100EG100FH20GI90GEFJ60IK90JL60KM14LN100M,KO60NP60OQ60PR60QS70PT70PU14T5.6 Project BudgetingPROJECT BUDGET (IN TSH) 000NARRATIONYEARSTOTALINCOME20122013201420152016NSSF240,000220,000200,000185,000270,0001,115,000PSPF270,000300,000190,000210,000165,0001,135,000Total Income510,000520,000390,000395,000435,0002,250,000ExpenditureAdministrative expenses (A)Currency in TSH.1C.E.O15,00018,00022,00025,00028,000108,0002Project Manager18,00020,00025,00030,00035,000128,0003Engineers7,0008,0009,00011,00015,00050,0004Human Resource Manager10,00012,00014,00016,00017,00069,0005Accountan t8,0009,00010,00011,00012,00050,0006Personal secretary2,0003,0005,0007,0009,00026,0007Transport allowances10,00012,00013,00015,00016,00066,0008Monitoring and Evaluation7,00010,00013,000_15,00045,0009Contingency5,0006,0007,0008,0009,00035,000Subtotal (A)82,00092,000118,000115,000147,000542,000equipments Expenses (B)Currency in TSH.1Office equipment8,000___8,0002Office furniture12,000___12,00031 Project Vehicles70,000____70,0004Fuel10,00012,00014,00016,00018,00070,000Subtotal (C)100,00012,00014,00016,00018,000160,000Construction Expenses(C)Currency in TSH.1Designing Work13,000____13,0002Electrical work____50,00050,0003Engineering Work40,00045,00050,00055,00060,000250,0004Plumbing Work__30,00035,00040,000105,0005Building Work100,000120,000130,000150,000170,000670,0006Carpenters Work___50,00055,000105,000Roofing Work___30,00030,00060,0007Labour Charge40,00045,00050,00060,00070,000265,0008Decorator work____30,00030,000Sub Total (C)193,000210,000260,000380,000505,0001,548,000Grand Total2, 250,000Table 4 Project budgetPROJECT RISK ANALYSISAccording to businessdictionary.com(2011),Risk is a chance or threat of a damage, injury, liability, loss, or other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be neutralized through pre-emptive action. All projects have risks which in one way or another may affect the project to meet the goal and objectives according to the plan. In order to overcome these risks project manager is required to overcome potential hazards that a project may be exposed to.6.1 Risk IdentificationThis project will face the following risksDelaying of fundPoor time management and budgetBad weatherKey employee will not present when needed inevitable resource material will not be delivered on timeInflationNatural HazardLabour guide6.2 Risk ProbabilityS/NORisk NameProbability of OccurrenceADelaying of fund let looseBPoor time management and budgetLowCBad weatherLowDKey employee will not present when needed interme diateERequired resource material will not be delivered on timeLowFInflationMediumGNatural HazardLowHLabour strikeLowTable 5 Risk ranking6.3 Criticality MatrixAccording to a lecture delivered as part of module ARUM28EMK criticality matrix can be used to identify risk based on marking the probability and impact assessment High, Medium and Low (Sassman 2011).Low ProbabilityMedium ProbabilityHigh ProbabilityHigh ImpactDelaying of fundPoor time management and budgetLabour strikeInflationMedium ImpactRequired resource material will not be delivered on timeKey employee will not present when neededLow ImpactBad weatherNatural HazardTable 6 Critically matrixRisk Urgency assessmentRisk NameRisk CategoryProbability of OccurrenceMagnitude of ImpactRisk responseLowMediumHighLowMediumHighAfiscalFollow up source of fund some(prenominal) timesBOperationalSet stable budget and contingencyCEnvironmental tractile on doing activitiesDResourcePrepare two or more key persons ,dont depends on one personE ResourceTo order material in advanceFFinancialTo increase budgetGEnvironmentalTo increase Contingency fundHOperationalConduct several meeting with employeeTable 7 Risk Urgency assessmentCONCLUSIONThis project focuses on construction of students hostel at Tanzania Public Service College (TPSC) Tabora Campus. The construction of hostel will increase pattern of students at TPSC as well as their academic performance.This project is very important project because it addresses the problems facing TPSC students and gives the output which will solve the existing problems. Also this project will not affect environment but will facilitate the conservation of environment. Through this project more than 100 peoples will get temporary work which will give them income. So this project will benefit students of TPSC Tabora Campus as well as the country as a whole.ANNEX 1 LOGICAL FRAME WORKNARRATIVE SUMMARYVERIFIABLE INDICATORSMEANS OF VERIFICATIONASSUMPTIONS/RISKSOverall goalTo improve academic p erformance and standard of living for students through building hostel by 2016.Reduced number of failures by 40%Increase number of student living within the campus by 50%Examination ResultHostel dataProject purposeTo build hostel at TPSC Tabora Campus that will accommodate 1000 studentsNumber of students living within Campus change magnitude by 50%Working hostelHostel and Admission dataDelay of fundLack of MaterialNatural hazardOutput(Expected Results)Working HostelAcademic Performance improved by 40%Students who attends nighttime lecture are increased by 40%Students living within the College increased by 40%Increased number of pass by 40%Increased number of students who attends night lecture by 40%Increased number of students who living within the Campus by 40%Examination resultsClass AttendanceHostel dataActivitiesVisit site Design house PlanPrepare Land/ clear siteLay foundationBrickwork to all floorsRoof carpentryFix windows and doorsInstall

The impact of armed conflict in Nigeria

The impact of armed skirmish in NigeriaMany countries in sub-Saharan region in Africa have been plagued with ethnic and religious remainders. Nigeria has not been immune to such fights. The sphere has and continues to witness high levels of ethnic and anti-sate violence. Ever since emancipation from Britain in 1960 the African nation of Nigeria has been torn apart by wars, violence and ethnic conflicts. This paper centers on the effect of such conflicts on Nigerian women with a focus on the conflict in Jos, the big(p) city of plateau recite. The city has continu totallyy been rocked by brutal and relentless riots in 1994, 2001, 2008 and most recently in January 2010. These conflicts have brought about extensive wipeout of lives and properties. Most significantly, the conflicts have brought about gross human rights violations perpetrated against civilian populations, particularly women and children who app atomic number 18ntly make up the most vulnerable group.Considerable hunt ingest has been done regarding women and armed conflicts. Much of this work has been done by institutions concerned with human rights violations, particularly violations against women. Unfortunately, much of this work has foc utilise on sexual violence against women and has largely ignored nigh other important aspects of violations against women.The purpose of this paper is to consider and highlight a range of ways in which women be affected by armed conflicts (in addition to sexual violence). Using responses from interviews conducted with women who have experienced the most recent conflict in the capital city of Jos in Nigeria, we argue that there is a wide range of ways in which women are affected by armed conflict. For example, armed conflict exacerbates inequalities. These inequalities continue even later the conflicts cease. Our findings show that women experience economic hardships during and after conflict. Furthermore, women are excluded from peace building initia tives that take place during and after armed conflict.Keywords-Armed conflicts, ethnic conflicts, human rights violations, religious conflicts, and womens rights.INTRODUCTIONThe frequency of conflicts leading to violence and extensive destruction of lives and property especially since the early 80s in many an(prenominal) countries of the world can, without exaggeration, be traced to many factors. Some of these factors are political, economic, ethno-religious conflicts and land boundary issues. Most of these conflicts are often presented as either ethnical or religious in nature, and oftentimes both. However these research findings indicate that the under(a)lying fundamental factor that facilitates such ethno-religious conflicts revolves around prevailing economic and political crisis. This is the basic podium for most of the pass predicaments.Unfortunately, ethno-religious conflicts remain the political, economic and social legacies of three decades which involves perceived marg inalization, mal-goernance and disrespect for the constitution. The greedy and selfish ways in which the Nigerian political leaders embarked on, in acquiring power at all cost, has overturned the true federal constitution negotiated by the founding leaders. This reveals some of the primary basis for the violent crisis in Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria.BACKGROUNDIn 2001, a major crisis occurred in Jos, the capital city of Plateau State in the northern part of Nigeria, leading to the destruction of properties and loss of lives. There was also another crisis in 2004, 2008 and the most recent in 2010. The causes of these conflicts are seen as political, ethno-religious and indigenes settlers dispute. In most cases, it is tough to describe the Jos crisis from fairish the ethnic perspective without observing the political, economic or religious aspect. They are not mutually exclusive.The recurrent crisis in Jos especially the one that occurred in 2010 go forward a fatal impact on the so ciety. Many people including women and children were killed. The 2010 Jos crisis recorded the highest casualty of women and children in comparison to the previous ones. About d women incapacitated their lives in unpleasant circumstances while other women lost their husbands and children as well as their means of livelihood.It is rather unfortunate and unlikely that the leadership of the present organization depart be able to take the bold step to make required constitution changes to douse the festering ethno-religious tension and violence in many parts of the country.Nigeria is a complex society with a wide variety of religious and cultural allegiance and susceptibility. The least one could do is to come to foothold with the reality of the multi-religious status and thus recognize and ensure that the rights of all Nigerians are equally protected. The city of Jos had deadly riots in 2001, 2008 and 2010, and the communal/religious crisis that erupted in Jos (Plateau) in 2001 s till causes a lot of clashes in the State till date. It was shocking to many Nigerians that had nursed the notion that Jos was a safe haven for most Christians from other ethnic nationalities who fled from the States dominated by the Islamic Sharia laws. We also observed that most of the conflicts are located in urban areas, and that mostly women and their children suffered the most. Those not killed during the conflict are left to feed and fend for themselves and their children.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMMany of these contestations between indigenes and settlers result in violence. As noted, Jos and most of the towns in Plateau State in 1994, 2001, 2004 in which the Beroms, Afizere and others who claim to be indigenes oppose the Hausa/Fulani tribes who are regarded as settlers from the era of the colonial masters who mostly came in to Jos town as miners and merchants.Jos Crisis A crisis triggered by inequality. It can easily be traced to the deep inequalities in the society.In 2004, a state of emergency was declared in Plateau State (of which Jos is the capital) after which over 200 Muslims were killed in the attacks by Christian militia.In the November 2008 crisis, over 340 people were killed and properties worth billions were burnt when Muslim opposition supporters went on the rampage over alleged election irregularities after they had heard their candidate to head a council had lost to a Christian.In January 2010, being the most recent crisis, more than 500 people were killed mostly women after the Christians protested the construction of a mosque in a Christian area, and after Muslim protesters attacked a Catholic church.It is ironic that such harmful and bloody encounters have occurred in Jos, a city which derives its name from an acronym for Jesus Our Saviour. Perhaps, the origin of Jos a former enclave for colonial missionaries and its geographic location aptly expound by some as a de facto fault line separating Nigerias mainly Muslim northern part fr om its mainly Christian southern region.Nigeria is a country of strong prejudice between indigenes and non-indigene natives and settlers, the Nigerian constitution even empowers this ethnic affiliation by giving credence to the State of origin and likewise some political appointments are based on ethnic and state of origin. The crisis in Jos is not immune to the State of Origin contraption the Christians are the natives, while the Muslims are the settlers. Hence the belief remains that the natives are threatened by the increasing population and prominence of the settlers. The natives are neither too keen to share their lands with the settlers nor straits their hands in partnership on the political outfit. The settlers on the other hand, feel cheated and threatened too by the natives whom they feel have failed to recognize them politically and socially despite having co-existed for decades. The fact that the two are on the opposing sides of the religious divide certainly does not h elp. The cumulative effect of these factors the aftermath of cultural and societal inequality is what has been happening in Jos over the years.METHODOLOGYThis research work is based on qualitative analysis methods. The principle method used is structured in-depth interviews conducted within and outside the conflict zones. Reports were drawn from rural dwellers and persons affected by the conflict including women and youths were interviewed at different times. Reports from government commissions inquiry and other investigation by setup groups were also utilized. The report of the Plateau calm Conference 2004 was very useful for this paper. Reports from assigned committee at the Institute for Peace and encroach Resolution after visits to the conflict town were also very useful for this journal work.Some other researchers from the field who were also staff of the Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies similarly gave their report from the field work. Newspaper reports, textbooks an d the web were also consulted for the completion of this paper.ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS VIOLENCEIMPACT ON THE ECONOMYIn general, the political inst qualification engendered by frequent communal disputes riots, armed confrontation and breakdown of law and order cannot be attractive for local or unconnected investors. Jos, as it is right now from what we physically observed remains a ghost city with houses, market places, factories and company burnt down to ashes.We had met with and interviewed a bank line tycoon, Alhaji Busari who was a car dealer and narrated his ordeal amidst tears. He said how can this Jos riot be a forgotten incident to me when I practically lost all what I have worked and lived for in life in just one day. Billions of Naira was burnt down, the showroom where cars are parked for display was burnt down to ashes and all the cars on display were destroyed and burnt by the rioters.IMPACT OF THE CRISIS ON WOMENGender is thus a socially constructed identity through whi ch roles are assigned at different levels and which can differ according to culture and can be changed by circumstances such as conflict. While the integral community suffers the dire consequences of armed conflict and terrorism, women and girls are particularly affected because of their status in society and their gender. Parties in conflict often rape women with impunity sometimes using systematic rape as a tactic of war and terrorism.A youth activist remarked as follows The conflict inflicted psychological and emotional nuisance on both genders. However, the plight of women was particularly pronounced. There was the case of about twenty women and girls captured by the Boghom people and taken to a village called Kangyal in Kanam topical anaesthetic Government Area. The women and their daughters suffered the worst form of sexual abuse as their captors took turns on them every evening for three months. When they were eventually rescued, five of them were pregnant and tested supp ortive to HIV/AIDS test.THE IMPACT OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENThis also has to do with violation of human rights of women, in such situation as experienced by women of all ages, who suffer displacement, loss of homes and property, involuntary disappearance of close relatives, poverty, family separation, disintegration and those victims of acts of murder, terrorism, torture, sexual slavery. These spell out the prevailing human right violations and policies of ethnic cleansing in the war-torn and occupied areas. These practices have created inter alia a mass flow of refugees. Such women and children set out refugees that no longer have homes or houses over their heads i.e. they become internally displaced persons. According to the research findings, women make up the highest group of casualties.The picture above shows women in Abuja carrying pictures of dead women and children. Mostly women and children constitute about 80 percent of the millions of refugees around the world. Other ref ugees including internally displaced persons are deprived of their properties, goods and also deprivation of their right to freedom of movement to return to their homes for fear and hazard. The degree of insecurity and disorientation was identified when the Institute for Peace and Conflict researchers went to the refugee camps in Bukuru, Jos (a south Local Government Area of Plateau State) and were told that thirty-one pregnant women at the internally displaced persons (IDP) camps were delivered of their babies at different camps.Reports from their spokesperson in charge of women in the IDP camps said in an interview that the women who gave birth were earlier taking refuge at the police stations and premises of Bukuru central mosque before they were later taken to another house which was converted to serve as a temporary maternity. appear of the 31 women that put to bed only two babies did not survive. However, the two mothers were in very good conditions. In a newspaper report, o ne of the nurses in charge of the maternity centers created mentioned that some bullets were removed from some of the pregnant mothers bodies who were shot during the crisis and they had to undergo some operations to stitch them.THE WOMEN WELFARE Feeding and Clothing insufficiency of nutritious food in the camps is due to their population, although some Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and United Nations (UN) have visited some camp grounds to enhance the supply and distri justion of food stuffs and clothing. contrastive groups have surfaced to donate generously for the refugees. Other repulsive experiences includeSnake bites in the bush while attempting to escapeHigh rate of widowhoodLoss of children unseasonable births due to fear and pressureMothers abandoning newly born babies due to lack of funds and inability to surviveForced marriagesThis picture shows some illustrations of the impact of the conflict on women in Wase, Yelwa-shendam and Langtang south local government in Jos.In an interview, Vonnan Dashe, president of the Gani community development association, on 5th November 2004 mentioned that, Women were subjected to violence and hardship because they had to concern about the fate of their children. Some of their children actually got killed and others were wounded while others were raped by the attackers. They were not only physically harassed but also sexually abused and degraded. It was also gathered from our research team that apart from the fact that women were raped, they were also divorced by their husbands, which facilitated a worse emotional stressful and atrocious condition. The resort to divorce by men whose wives had been sexually abused was a means of dealing with the humiliation acquired from the conflict.EQUAL RIGHTSEven though women were affected greatly by the conflict in obviously negative way, they have been unable to set up networks and support groups to enhance their empowerment in the aftermath of the conflict. This inclu des the ability to participate in politics and decision making forum. Most of their voices are heard through the voices of men or proxy groups. Women make an important but often unrecognized contribution as peace educators both in families and in their societies.In addressing armed or sectarian conflicts, an active and visible indemnity of mainstreaming a gender perspective into all policies and programs should be promoted so that before decisions are taken an analysis is made of the effects on women and men respectively. carry through should be taken to promote equal participation and opportunities for women in government both at the Federal, State and Local Government levels.There were hundreds of women mostly habilimented in black that took to the streets of Nigerias capital city of Abuja and also the central city of Jos in rallies against the Jos massacre. They subsequently demanded that the government put the necessary infrastructure in place to improve on the protection of women and children.This research journal reveals to a large extent how women are streamlined in the policy making groups, politics and in general, all activities. Yet it has not told the whole story, the impact of conflict on women is too profound to be narrated. Most times, they live with the pain, agony, discomfort and under oppression for the rest of their lives.A lot needs to be done, the bridge that cuts across religious, ethnic and cultural is to have women group work together. However they will need to be empowered through capacity building and enhanced controlled communication before such roles can be played. Women need to be equally represented in organizations so as to be able to contribute adequately in matters and issues that have to do with protection of women and their children during and after such conflicts. goalIt is clear from all the above that women must be involved in matters that has to do with the protection of women and their children. They must prove to the community that they are also germane(predicate) and that equality should be practiced when matters that has to do with them comes up especially in politics and decision making.Women should be courageous and exhibit fearless independence in spite of all odds especially where human right issues are involved. Women are meant to bear the image of the community. In political matters, women should not shy away from their right and their voices must also be heard. In all, this must be the new wave. The culture must evolve.

Oversea Greed Essay -- Dutch Republic, The Netherlands

The Netherlands have been a long time tolerant and rich land. The country opened the coast of Amsterdam and ran a major trade business incomparable to any other. Although small, the territory bore a perfect harbor for ships of the time. Up until the late seventeenth century the Dutch republic had a successful nation, unified under a booming economy. When England and other alliances shifted, the Dutch Republic would experience immense turmoil. Englands reasoning behind allying with the Spanish was solely for personal economic gain and situation, by destroying the Dutch unity and economy it left room for England to become the nigh powerful commerce.The Dutch economy was devastated by the military force of foreign countries. England wiped out everyplace 2,000 Dutch ships within twenty years (Document 3). Having a hem in across a sea from the Dutch Republic made it easier for the English to demolish the Dutchs naval fleet than it was for France who was obstructed by the Spanish Net herlands. In fact, the routes the Dutch took for trade to Africa and the East Indies went directly past England, many naval battles were held in this straight (Document 1). The only relatively safe path from England the Dutch could take for a trade route was to the Baltic Sea, but even this routes trade decreased by approximately 45% over the span of 50 years (Document 2). With a lack of trade the Dutch fell into financial debt rapidly, in just twenty years the Dutch Republic was in almost 150,000,000 guilders of debt (Document 12). None of the provinces could handle this debt except Holland which included Amsterdam, the most successful center of trade in all of Europe. However, not even Hollands wealth could save the Dutch. With the constant financial burdens and ba... ...e Dutch Republics despair, so did some of Asia, such as the Portuguese, Chinese, and Muslims (Document 13). The Dutch Republic feared the other kings who face more and more to scheme how to ruin what remains of the trade and to take over part of it for themselves (Document 7). Not only did England increase her own power by destroying the Dutch Republic, the nation had such a powerful business of trade other countries took the Dutch wealth for themselves.England had no intention to help France they only valued more money and power for themselves. This decision resulted in more power for other countries. Although the Dutch suffered greatly, lost national unity and security, and their economy crashed, the balance of power was checked. Ultimately the Dutch power had to end eventually for the balance of power to remain equal amongst European and Asian nations.

War Aid Advertisement :: Papers

fight uphold Advertisement What sort of person are you? Would you be up to(p) to survive if you had to live in extreme weather conditions? Would you be able to work 18 hour days, with only a few hours sleep? Would you be able to help those who are in pain, and suffering? If you think the answer to these questions might be yes, you might be the one that we need. If you decide to join War Aid, to help those who are less fortunate than yourself, then you will need many different skills to help. These skills are a vital part of the job, and you will to a fault learn more whilst you work with us. We need our workers to be brave and determined in every aspect of their job. When you are sent to the area where you will work, the particular will be completely different to what you are used to. You could be sent anywhere, to do any job. You could be sent to work in a fight zone country, and their will be a variety of jobs that you may possibly be involved in. For example, you may be working in a refugee camp handing out food parcels, or you could be taking food to the soldiers who are fighting for us. You could help to create a sanitation system in areas that affirm nothing. You may help to build pumps and taps for clean running water, in a small village in Africa, where the people usually have to walk 2 or more hours each day to find the small amount of dirty water that is available. You would be looking after the civilized order of areas. Working for War Aid is similar to joining the army, but in many ways it is also different. Becoming a War Aid volunteer allows you to help, by giving us your services for a three month period, which may differ in length. You will be sent to war zone countries to help with the overall running of refugee camps, and other tasks that will take place