Primary Source Analysis: the French Revolution and Human Rights

perchance one of the or so unique eras in solid ground history was the understanding, a time period in which intellectuals like Voltaire, Adam Smith and Denis Diderot Observed with unprecedented acuity the evils and f integritys of pityingity night club in their daylight (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, March and, and, 621) and sought to change the worldview of their generation both complaisantly and semi governmentally. Those intellectuals believed that by sharing an aspiration to break up knowledge, human judgments could resist ignorance. Today, the ideals of those Enlightenment thinkers have become the foundation of many, if not all human societies.The Enlightenment had a smashing impact on the world, particularly on Europeans who were customary to old practices of fixed social hierarchies, in which the king held absolute power. The knowledge gained from this intellectual movement brought about many changes in society. minority groups such as women gained confidence i n their own worthinessto create art, to write books, to observe the world accurately, and perhaps even rule their states (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, and, 619). The Enlightenment withal paved the way for a newer approach towards the fancy of human rights.Human beings were given certain individual rights known as their natural rights that was always comfortable by law. Before the French Revolution, European cultures were restricted by two major institutions the Catholic and Protestant churches and the dynastic court systems (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) where individual rights were given based on social ranks. The Enlightenment influenced the concept of human rights in France in that society had a better awareness of their world, which contributed to the emergence of cultural ambitions such as women forming political clubs to debate for social and political luciferity.Traditional governance ideas were gradually replaced by new governing visions to protect the natural rights of citizens over the kings authority. For instance, prior traditional Christian belief in original sin and Gods mysterious tamperings with natural forces and human events (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) were abandoned. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens was also established, which helped changed the social and political structure of the country.Additionally, and perhaps the most influence the Enlightenment had on the concept of human rights in France was that it provided freedom of religion, freedom of the press, no taxation without representation, elimination of excessive punishments, and various safeguards against arbitrary presidentship (Hunt, 77). Having been greatly influenced by the American War of Independence, French officers who served in North America arrived home dismissed by the ideals of liberty that they saw in action in the New World (Hunt, 13).French deputies met in 1789 with constitutional ideals adopted from Americans like Thomas Jefferson and George Mason, establishing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens in an effort to drive the ideas of rights and liberties in a more universalistic direction (Hunt, 13). A more Universalistic direction basically meant alternate ideals of the old order with knowledge gained from the Enlightenment. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens empowered all French citizens with protected liberties and granted all men equality under the law.It also declared that the basis of all sovereignty rests most importantly in the nation. Additionally, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens not only grant these rights, but trumpeted individual rights, the regulation of equality and connected more closely the concept of the population with the nation (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 647). It is obvious that the document had great significance. Prior to the declaration, political and social situations raised questions that we re often left unanswered, usually sparking tensions between government and society.Frances government was based on the old order, a monarchy system in which feudalism was practiced and depressed values were vital. Under such system, legitimacy depended on the kings will and maintenance of a historic order that granted privileges according to ranks and status (Hunt, 15). The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens granted all people of the French society equality under the law, yet the content of those true, inalienable natural rights of humanity remained indefinable (Hunt, 6).Several national assemblies were held, but not one of them acknowledged womens political rights. Rather, all of those assemblies dodged granting women equal political rights. Women were still forbidden the rights to meet as a group, draft grievances, or vote (Hunt, 60). As a result, women, influenced by the declaration, debated for specific rights when they saw the opening created by the convocation of the Estates General and hoped to make their claims for inclusion body in the promised reform (Hunt, 60). Between 1790 and 1791, members of a group called Cercle Social, formed by agitated omen, campaigned for equal political rights. Their campaign exposed discrimination against women that denied them equal rights in marriage and education. In that same year (1791), feminine activist Marie Olympe De Gouges issued the Declaration of the Rights of women in an effort to prove that women had been excluded from the promises of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. In her declaration, she requested that The law should be the general will. tout ensemble citizenesses and citizens should take partin its formation. It must be the same for everyone.All citizenesses and citizens, being equal in its eyes, should be equally admissible to all mankind dignities, offices and employments (Hunt, 27). She argued that women and men were innate(p) equal in rights. Therefore, women should have all those rights that a man enjoys such as holding public offices. However, all of these actions of the Parisian women soon increased the National normals negativity towards women and their rights. From October 29-30, 1793, the National Convention held a discussion about womens political clubs and abolished all womens clubs.They claimed that women were hardly capable of tremendous conceptions and cogitations because their body and social role made them unsuited for public affairs (Hunt, 29). Yet, they felt threatened by womens organized political activities. The Age of Enlightenment significantly changed the fundamentals of European cultures, and French society during the eighteenth century. It took them away from their rituals of the old regime where government was dominated by monarchy. It formulated ideas on how the churches and the dynastic court systems could be reformed.The Enlightenment also influenced the establishment of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citiz ens. However, fundamental questions about rights especially that of women, remained unanswered. The declaration did little to change the inferior status of women. None of the national assemblies ever considered legislation granting political rights to women (who could neither vote nor hold office), and on a few occasions on which the possibility arose, as yet tentatively, the deputies greeted it with widespread derision and incredulity (Hunt, 27).