Characterization of Biochemical Pathways

Characterization of Biochemical Pathways Disscussion: Scorpion envenoming resulted in alteration in pyramidin, histidin, tyrosine, glycerophospholipid and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways after 48 hours. These effects are an outcome of acute seizures and early myocardial injuries disorder in the group of experimental rates. Metabolite set enrichment analysis results also showed that pancreas, nerve cells and mitochondria are the most affected organs. The toxicity of a given compound refers to its ability to disrupt some biological functions at a certain level of biological organization (i.e., cell, tissue, or organ) It is also related to the amplitude and the duration of the exposure and also to the degree of absorption of the substance by the organism, its distribution, biotransformation and elimination or accumulation (Topol, 2004). Understanding the mechanism of a toxic event is a challenging task, especially in the field of drug research and development. The symptoms caused by scorpion stings in animal models are similar to those observed in humans (Padilla et al., 2005). Glycerophospholipids are known to display a high degree of molecular heterogeneity in mammalian tissues. In addition to their function as structural components of membranes, some molecular species may participate in specific biophysical and biochemical functions (Mason and Dobbs, 1980). Krshina Murthy (2000) suggested that the probable mechanism of death due to scorpion envenoming syndrome is alteration in phospholipid fractions concentrations mainly phosphatidylinositol and phospatidylglycerol (Murthy, 2000). He postulated that disruption of phosphatidylglycerol choline and phosphatidyl inositol are the main causes of death. Glycerophosphocholine metabolite are involved in cell signaling and membrane integrity of the cell and serine is the precursor for choline and acetylcholine biosynthesis which is required in the brain and therefore any damage of the cell membrane can affect glycerophospholipids metabolites pathway and its concentration. In our study, Glycerophospholipid metabolism was one of the main pathways that have been altered by envenomation and this confirms the Krishna Murthy hypothesis. Scorpion envenoming causes fuel-energy deficits and results in inability to utilize the existing metabolic substrates by different organs, which ultimately may lead to death. This is caused by a massive release of catecholamine, angiotensin II, an increase in glucagon and cortisol (Amaral et al., 1994; Avogaro et al., 1996; Balasubramaniam and Murthy, 1984; Basu et al., 1990; el-Amin, 1992; Gajalakshmi, 1982; Gueron and Ilia, 1996; Mirakabadi, 2013). Steroid hormones mediate a wide variety of vital physiological functions such as anti-inflammatory agents. They are also principally, involved in cell signaling, integrity and stability of the cell membrane as well as fuel or energy storage and energy source in cells. In our study cholesterol, dehydroepiandrosterone, 2-methoxyesterone and aldosterone profiles have shown changes. Disruption of cell membrane and liver function failure resulted due to cytotoxic effect of the H.lepturus venom (Heidarpour et al., 2012; R . Dehghani 2012). So the alterations in steroid hormones metabolites pathway are due to cytotoxic effects of venom. In the present investigation, envenomation by H. lepturus causes alteration in carnosine and 1-methylhistidine metabolite concentration of histidine metabolism pathway. Carnosine which is an endogenous cytoplasmic dipeptide(b-alanyl-l-histidine) and have numerous physiological activities in normal muscles activities (Nagasawa et al., 2001) Histidine and carnosine at low concentration could improve hyperglycemia complications with reduction of proinflammatory cytokine levels, increase insulin secretion, and enhance glutathione peroxidase activity. It has been showed that serum glucose elevated and hyperglycemia resulted by envenomation (Lee et al., 2005). Therefore, alteration in carnosine might be due to hyperglycemia state produced by scorpion venom. GENNIP (1999) showed that pyrimidine metabolism which is the building blocks of DNA and RNA is responsible for the cell programming machinery. Pyrimidine metabolism along with purine pathway fulfills a variety of functions in the metabolism of the cell of which the most important are regulation of energy conservation and transport, formation of coenzymes and of active intermediates of phospholipid and carbohydrate metabolism (GENNIP, 1999). Nyhan (2005) postulated that the catabolic pathways for pyrimidine have yielded a number of patients with specific enzymatic deficiencies, most of them with mental retardation, seizures, or both (Nyhan, 2005; Nyhan, 2005 ). Degradation disorders of pyrimidine can be presented as anemia, neurological deficits or devastating multisystem mitochondrial disorder (H. Anne Simmonds and Gennip, 2003). Our results also showed that the concentration of four metabolites of pyrimidine pathway i.e. Dihydrothymine, Deoxyuridine, Deoxycytidine, and Beta-alanine were changed which might be due to neurological deficits and acute seizures, which are caused by scorpion venom and change in cell metabolism. Venom of many scorpions species cause the activation and delay of inactivation of neural sodium channel which induce a massive release of catecholamines and acetylcholines by the postganglionic nerve both in the circulation and in specific organs, such as increase in rate and force of contraction of the heart tissues.(Gueron and Yaron, 1970; Sofer et al., 1997) Tyrosine is the main precursor for catecholamine, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Our results demonstrated that some of intermediate metabolites in this pathway including iodotyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and acetoacetic acid metabolite show changes which might be due to increase in catecholamine secretion in the stung victim. Similar clinical manifestations of diabetes are usually observed in scorpion sting victims(Zare and Tanikawa, 2002). Scorpion envenoming causes the release of counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon and cortisol) with suppressed insulin secretion. Under these conditions, the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat is directed towards catabolism. This provokes gluconeogenesis with glucose elevation in serum. During catabolic states such as starvation and diabetes free fatty acids and ketone bodies, compete as fuels for muscle metabolism. Whereas, after prolonged starvation in man free fatty acids displaced ketone bodies as preferred fuels for oxidation in striated muscle (Hagenfeldt et al., 1971; Owen and Reichard, 1971) intracellular ketone-body concentrations in striated muscle increased plasma concentrations rose during starvation and diabetic states and causes ketoacidosis and increase of H+ ions concentration of blood . In our study, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies specially acetoacetic acid was affected in this pathway which is in accordance with Krishna Murthy study (Murthy, 2000). To summarize, our findings show that the application of metabolomics approaches could play an important role in the characterization of biochemical pathways in the animal model, which envenomed with Hemiscorpius lepturus venom. Our finding indicates the involvement of multiple system and organs in scorpion envenoming syndrome in which the most affected organs are pancreas, nerve cells, mitochondria, and spleen with similarities to acute seizures, the early marker of myocardial injuries and different seizures disorder, which confirm the earlier acute scorpion pancreatitis and myocardial injury reports (Bartholomew, 1970; Novikov et al., 2000).

Swiming with giants :: essays research papers

Swimming With Giants My Encounters with Whales, Dolphins, and Seals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel Swimming With Giants, by Anne Collet was an extraordinaire piece of literature about a biologists experience with the animals she loves. It is simply a book that expresses not only the wonder but also the tenderness that encounters with whales and other giants of the sea engender. The story tells of Anne Collet’s experiences as a young girl to a well known biologist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Anne Collet was a child she had her first encounter with the sea, as many young children do, by going on vacations with her family. From that point on she knew it was what she would want to do with her life. She went to college at a university in Brest and enrolled into the department of marine biology. This is where she began to study the sea and all its creatures in it. In 1973 Anne had her first Dolphin encounter and from then on became infatuated with the â€Å"Giants† of the sea. Her passion was for Dolphins and Whales. Collet became, and is today, the founder and director of the Center for Research on Marine Mammals in La Rochelle. She has been a Biologist for the past twenty years and has enjoyed every second of it. In her books she speaks with vivid intensity of her encounters with whales, dolphins and seals throughout the world’s oceans. She conveys the thrilling aspects of her work with marine mammals, from the sublime gaze of a whale’s eye to the race to save animals harmed by drift nets or toxic spills. Like the teenagers she regularly takes on her voyages, the reader will not only learn about such things as whale evolution and the unusual sensitivity of dolphins’ skin, but will experience her passion for the ocean, respect for its creatures, and heartfelt concern about â€Å"scorched sea† policy of over fishing, trawl fishing and pollution.

Climax, Symbolize and Theme in the Lottery Essay

â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a very famous American short story. It was published in the June 26, 1948, issue of the The New Yorker. Written the same month it was published. It is ranked today as â€Å"one if the most famous short stories in the history of America literature.† It has been studied in preparatory schools and in universities since its publication. It is very controversial. Some like it, others do not. The lottery has climax, mood and theme.The lottery has a really crazy climax. Climax is the point of greatest emotional intensity in plot. I think the climax of story is killing the person who picks the lottery up. When they kill the woman, their eyes are changed to jealous. Someone said ‘Hurry up!’ and then they throw stones to the woman. Among the people, their family included. I was shocked about her family killed their mother. Even if the son’s face was very pitiful, his parents gave a stone and let him cast it. The chillin g climax also shows serious mood.The story also has extremely serious mood. The mood is generally defined as the atmosphere in the story. Although weather, surrounding and background in the story are sunny and clear, the electing process of the sacrificial victim is too quiet. The weather is a contrast to the village people. At least, the woman has only a tragic ending. She was killed by her friend and family. I think the best of the scene is children kill her too. It’s impossible, though custom is very important, they shouldn’t have let person sacrifice for their personal goal. These things made me confused to understand the story. The lottery has a theme which is difficult to understand. When I saw the title â€Å"The lottery†, I think this story has a good ending, but woman who won the lottery was killed by stones casted by people who she believes and love. It is very irony. Why they killed who won the lottery? I can’t understand this story exactly. But the author who wrote lottery gives us some message. There is old saying â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover† I think this crazy climax and serious mood make me difficult to understand this story.In conclusion, â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story which uses crazy climax, serious mood. I think Shirley Jackson who wrote â€Å"The Lottery† gives us some messages. First, don’t judge by appearance. This story title is â€Å"The Lottery†, but the ending is died who won the lottery. Second, we should remove wrong culture. Wrong culture killed innocent person. So, wrong culture is changed quickly. I searched a lot of information of this story. People say this story is written objectively. I strongly agree with this comment. They were extremely relieved when saw the women who won the lottery. In the movie of last scene, I felt selfishness from them.

Rock Provenance by Petrologic Methods

Sooner or later, almost every rock on Earth is broken down into sediment, and the sediment is then carried away somewhere else by gravity, water, wind or ice. We see this happening every day in the land around us, and the rock cycle labels that set of events and processes erosion. We should be able to look at a particular sediment and tell something about the rocks it came from. If you think of a rock as a document, sediment is that document shredded. Even if a document is shredded down to individual letters, for instance, we could study the letters and tell pretty easily what language it was written in. If there were some whole words preserved, we could make a good guess about the documents subject, its vocabulary, even its age. And if a sentence or two escaped shredding, we might even match it to the book or paper it came from. Provenance: Reasoning Upstream This kind of research on sediments is called provenance studies. In geology, provenance (rhymes with providence) means where the sediments came from and how they got where they are today. It means working backward, or upstream, from the grains of sediment we have (the shreds) to get an idea of the rock or rocks they used to be (the documents). Its a very geological way of thinking, and provenance studies have exploded in the last few decades. Provenance is a topic confined to sedimentary rocks: sandstone and conglomerate. There are ways of characterizing the protoliths of metamorphic rocks and the sources of igneous rocks like granite or basalt, but theyre vague in comparison. The first thing to know, as you reason your way upstream, is that transporting sediment changes it. The process of transport breaks rocks into ever smaller particles from boulder to clay size, by physical abrasion. And at the same time, most of the minerals in the sediment are chemically changed, leaving just a few resistant ones. Also, long transport in streams can sort out the minerals in sediment by their density, so that light minerals like quartz and feldspar can move ahead of heavy ones like magnetite and zircon. Second, once sediment arrives at a resting place—a sedimentary basin—and turns into sedimentary rock again, new minerals may form in it by diagenetic processes. Doing provenance studies, then, requires you to ignore some things and visualize other things that used to be present. Its not straightforward, but were getting better with experience and new tools. This article focuses on petrological techniques, based on simple observations of minerals under the microscope. This is the kind of thing geology students learn in their first lab courses. The other main avenue of provenance studies uses chemical techniques, and many studies combine both. Conglomerate Clast Provenance The big stones (phenoclasts) in conglomerates are like fossils, but instead of being specimens of ancient living things they are specimens of ancient landscapes. Just as the boulders in a riverbed represent the hills upstream and uphill, conglomerate clasts generally testify about the nearby countryside, no more than a few tens of kilometers away. Its no surprise that river gravels contain bits of the hills around them. But it can be interesting to find out that the rocks in a conglomerate are the only things left from hills that vanished millions of years ago. And this kind of fact can be especially meaningful in places where the landscape has been rearranged by faulting. When two widely separated outcrops of conglomerates have the same mix of clasts, thats strong evidence that they once were very close together. Simple Petrographic Provenance A popular approach for analyzing well-preserved sandstones pioneered around 1980 is to sort the different kinds of grains into three classes and plot them by their percentages on a triangular graph, a ternary diagram. One point of the triangle is for 100% quartz, the second is for 100% feldspar and the third is for 100% lithics: rock fragments that havent fully broken down into isolated minerals. (Anything that isnt one of these three, typically a small fraction, is ignored.) It turns out that rocks from certain tectonic settings make sediments—and sandstones—that plot in fairly consistent places on that QFL ternary diagram. For instance, rocks from the interior of continents are rich in quartz and have almost no lithics. Rocks from volcanic arcs have little quartz. And rocks derived from the recycled rocks of mountain ranges have little feldspar. When necessary, grains of quartz that are actually lithics—bits of quartzite or chert rather than bits of single quartz crystals—can be moved over to the lithics category. That classification uses a QmFLt diagram (monocrystalline quartz–feldspar–total lithics). These work pretty well in telling what kind of plate-tectonic country yielded the sand in a given sandstone. Heavy Mineral Provenance Besides their three main ingredients (quartz, feldspar, and lithics) sandstones have a few minor ingredients, or accessory minerals, derived from their source rocks. Except for the mica mineral muscovite, they are relatively dense, so theyre usually called heavy minerals. Their density makes them easy to separate from the rest of a sandstone. These can be informative. For instance, a large area of igneous rocks is apt to yield grains of hard primary minerals like augite, ilmenite or chromite. Metamorphic terranes add things like garnet, rutile, and staurolite. Other heavy minerals like magnetite, titanite, and tourmaline could come from either. Zircon is exceptional among the heavy minerals. It is so tough and inert that it can endure for billions of years, being recycled over and over like the coins in your pocket. The great persistence of these detrital zircons has led to a very active field of provenance research that starts with separating hundreds of microscopic zircon grains, then determining the age of each one using isotopic methods. The individual ages arent as important as the blend of ages. Every large body of rock has its own blend of zircon ages, and the blend can be recognized in the sediments that erode from it. Detrital-zircon provenance studies are powerful, and so popular nowadays that theyre often abbreviated as DZ. But they rely on expensive labs and equipment and preparation, so theyre mainly used for high-payoff research. The older ways of sifting, sorting and counting mineral grains are still useful.

The Issue Of Abortion Laws - 1677 Words

Denise Magana ENG 102 Professor Brussin 2 October 2014 Abortion Laws are Unconstitutional The issue of abortion has always been rising throughout the years. Is it power to the fetus or to the women? The famous Roe v. Wade trial, which was supposed to settle the idea and was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that was supposed to decide the issue of abortion. It was ruled in 1973, that the right to privacy under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment, extended to a woman’s decision to have an abortion, but that the right to privacy must be balanced between the woman’s and the state’s interests in regulating abortions: which is to protect prenatal life and protecting the woman’s health. Roe v. Wade reshaped the nation’s politics and divided the country into pro-choice and pro-life sides, while at the same time, it also created hostile states toward abortion clinics and creates the challenge of getting an abortion more difficult. Everyone has an opinion on abortion, whether or not they want to voice it. Some people think it’s immoral to kill a fetus, something that could potentially gestate into a living, human being. Some people think that it is entirely up to the woman. And others think that it’s none of their business. Ever since Roe v. Wade, many states have been trying to create a more difficult aversions to abortions in many ways. Some states tried to make it harder by payment, such as restricting certain insurance payments. Other statesShow MoreRelatedAbortion : A Controversial Issue882 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroying human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that’s become debatable in politics. In addition, these researches will describe the different issues of abortion, such as, legal laws on abortion, restric tion of abortions, rate of abortion and consequences of the abortion. Abortion isRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Issue868 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider abortion as a rightful act, and abortion is a name of destroy human life. Now a days our society faces several types of issues Abortion is one of the complicated issue for both ways health and society that’s why abortion become a very controversial issue that become debatable in politics. In addition, this essay will describe the different issues of abortion such as, legal laws of abortion, restriction of abortions, rate of abortion and consequences of the abortion. Abortion is very seriousRead MoreAbortion: The Impact of Federalism and the Separation of Power1227 Words   |  5 PagesOtto von Bismarck once said, â€Å"Laws are like sausages, it is better not to see them being made.† The arduous process that a bill undergoes in order to become a law may seem grueling and pointless; however, the processes high caliber of difficulty allows for the extreme prestige and exclusivity of bills that are passed. Because the process is so exhausting, and filibusters, subsequently requiring a super-majority vote to pass a bill, have always been such a threat in Congress, historically, billsRead MoreAbortion : A Woman s Choice1572 Words   |  7 PagesCelina Valvano Mr. Cukierski CPW 4U 12 November 2014 Abortion: A Woman’s Choice Abortion is an ongoing issue that many woman face today in society. Statistics show that one out of ten women aged from fifteen to nineteen gets pregnant each year and five out of six of these pregnancies are unintended (Lunneborg 1992). There is a constant struggle between whether to keep the child or to abort it. Some people believe that abortion is their only choice or their only way out of a difficult and challengingRead MoreEssay on Should Abortion Be Determined by the State or the Mother?1414 Words   |  6 PagesHomework #2: History and overview of the Policy Issue Should Abortion be determined by the State or Mother? Abortion has been one of the most controversial topics in America. Abortion is defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed in the first 20 weeks of the pregnancy. Abortion is when the pregnancy is ended to prevent child birth. The pregnancy is taken out of the uterus of the women by medical abortion which involves taking medicines to causeRead MoreShould Abortions Be Induced Abortions?1069 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough abortions have been in existence for many years, each culture has its own distinctive views and interpretations regarding abortions. 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It is important to realize that abortion is not a black and white issue. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside of the uterus. Once a women finds out that she is pregnantRead MoreThe Texas Anti-Abortion Law is Unconstitutional Essay1189 Words   |  5 Pages The Texas anti-abortion law has taken the country’s attention by storm. It is an issue on many different woman’s minds, especially those who live in the state of Texas. The new laws are forcing many woman to have to cross state lines in order to receive an abortion and medical care. This includes woman who needs abortions due to preexisting medical conditions and those who are carrying fetuses which are diseased and are expected not to be born as healthy babies. The Texas Governor Rick Perry and

The Role Of Gender And Advertising On Women - 1178 Words

The role of gender in advertising has been a recurring issue in society since the arrival of current media and advertising approaches. Modern media uses approaches that focus on sex and the stereotypical descriptions and concepts of the roles men and women play as customers. These methods create a female communal issue that started in the 1960s with the interpretation of stereotypical housewives. Today, this image has changed into a different societal problem for women. New advertisements are revealing women in ways different from ever before: the Robert Cavalli fashion advertisement located in Style Magazine exposes the inaccurate insights that are placed on women of a very sexualized and obedient female gender role in American culture. The color arrangement design and graphic emphasis of the advertisement supplement the structure of the excessively sexual female purpose in society. When taking a first look, the ad is quite spectacular. It is flamboyant and easily visible while flipping through the magazine. The ad uses lively colors to emphasize the two themes and really focus on their faces. The colors have a variety of bright greens and orange-reds to modest blues and browns towards the low parts of the ad. These colors are used to get the magazine reader’s attention and help them see the clothing. The background is a bright orange drape that makes people look to the people at the center of the page. They appear to be entirely undistracted by the world that surroundsShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Of Women During 1960 S Advertising : A Retrospective Analysis By Yorgos C. Zotos1933 Words   |  8 Pagessexism occurs in advertising in 2017 seems to be inequivalent to those seen in 1960’s advertising. T he gender roles of women in 1960 were defined and marketed as being submissive, subservient and less than a mans role. Ad’s that air in 2017 show the side of this gender inequality and it is more rampant than initially thought. A quick search turns up just how many advertisers use sex to sell products, ideas and endorsements. As pointed out in Female Stereotypes in Print Advertising: A RetrospectiveRead MoreSociology of Advertising and The Stereotyping of Women in the Media: Gender Roles, Personal Dissatisfaction and Issues of Patriarchy- Who Is Really to Blame?2525 Words   |  9 PagesThe Stereotyping of Women in the Media: Gender Roles, Personal Dissatisfaction and Issues of Patriarchy- Who Is Really to Blame? We live in a consumer world. Everything we do and perhaps everything we are is based on consumption and commodity. Daily life has become a constant juggle of products and services - needs verses wants. People and objects become interchangeable. People become identified and classified with material goods. While advertising and the consequential high levels of consumptionRead MoreWomen And Women Are Like Dogs1544 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Men are from Mars, women are from Venus.† â€Å"Guys are like dogs, women are like cats.† Most people are familiar with these expressions to convey differences between the genders. Advertisers capitalize on the fact that men and women are different in order to persuade individuals to consume products and services. Advertising is an important medium in modern society and is used to influence many of the purchasing decisions made by male and female consumers. It is a powerful tool that expresses, developsRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Stereotypes Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesProspectus: Gender roles and gender stereotypes in advertising My position: I believe advertisements that reinforce female gender roles and stereotypes are damaging to society. 2. Non-favorable Incidents: The examination of the â€Å"Victoria’s Secret† ad for a line of undergarments labeled â€Å"The Showstopper.† The headline is â€Å"Show nothing but your shape,† and the image is a thin woman with big breasts staring seductively. The image clearly sets a tone that this is what is a stand of ideal beauty. AndRead MoreAdvertising Advertisements And Body Image1645 Words   |  7 Pagesassist the advertising industry and SROs in ensuring that women and men continue to be portrayed positively and responsibly in advertising. History - WOMEN IN ADVERTISEMENTS AND BODY IMAGE Authors have also attempted to correlate various demographic variables such as age and education, as well as geographic variables with preferences for role portrayals in advertising. Through the ages men have been considered to be financial providers, career-focused, assertive and independent, whereas women have beenRead MoreGender Portrayal Of Gender Roles953 Words   |  4 Pages2% of women were participating in the U.S. paid labor force in the year 2013 (U.S. Department of Labor, 2013). But despite this near equality in the rates of participation in the work force, men and women continue to be depicted in very distinct gender roles throughout the mainstream media (Eisend, 2010; Lull, Hanson, Marx, 1977; Collins, 2011). This gender stereotyping effect is especially prevalent within advertising. Because advertisements in the media frequently rely on gender roles to promoteRead MoreGender In Advertising: . . The Differences In How Men And1565 Words   |  7 Pages Gender in Advertising: The Differences in How Men and Women are Portrayed and How those Difference Affect Us: Across Time and Across Countries Bria Mosley The Ohio State University According to Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, advertising is defined as â€Å"any paid form of non-personal communication about an organization, product or service with an idea from an identified sponsor.† Advertising is the most cost-effective way to reachRead MoreBrainwashing Youth : How Advertising Influences Children On Gender Images1496 Words   |  6 Pages Brainwashing Youth: How Advertising Influences Children on Gender Images For advertising companies, the topic of advertising to children is one that is very controversial and could lead to a lot of debate on whether it is even ethical to do so. 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Gender equality an important trend in all around the world in recent years. This question runs through all the problems of the present and is important in the life of each of us. Under the new views on the development of social equality of men and women determined international organizations a key element of human development, as women and men are inseparably linked with each other and society through family ties, relationships, roles and responsibilities

Mental Health for Journal of Medical Research-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMental Health for Journal of Medical Research. Answer: Introduction For alignment of mind and body mental health is a core component. In this report mental health is a priority and novice ideas are formulated for recovery. Sandy Jeff, one of the eccentric community educators alleviates the people suffering from mental illness. She promotes several steps for specific individuals to overcome from stress, depression, inequalities or discrimination in the society. In this report emphasis is done on National health framework that showcases the basic principles required to avoid mental illness. Sandy deliberately shares the live experiences and ensures how recovery can be achieved through her stories and poetry. Main ideas are described from the National framework for recovery-oriented mental health service and the guidelines are suggested for the practitioners. Thus this report deals with the issues of mental health, its recovery methodology and how sandy has contributed to mental illness in empowering the society. Sandy Jeffs Discussion Sandys video typically stated the necessity of supporting amass group of people and individuals in the society who are prone to mental illness to not only to eradicate the stigma but also to alleviate the suffering from the root level. As a society it is the duty to provide people with right opportunity, as they suffer from mental illness due to variety of reasons like lack of employment, stress or depression. A mental disorder can be due to depression, anxiety or fear. In the video Sandy Jeffs focused on the reflection of live experience and policy for recovery. Sandy depicted many live experiences outlining Sallys story that is not able to live a normal life as she is not very much socialized in her job as well as have family stress (Health.gov, 2018). Due to such reasons she suffered from depression and from mental illness. Sandy used to discover the recovery frameworks to outline the mental health services. Recovery from mental illness is possible but it requires a support from f amily, peers as well as professionals. It requires new and innovative ideas for recovery. There are various stages of mental illness, initially the normal activities start differing and there are no social connections. Mental illness makes the people unstable and Sandy Jeffs mentioned that goal is to maintain stability (Scholarwork, 2017). The important factor which helps in recovery is right environment, satisfying work, and good relationship. Sandy stated that there exists a link between recovery phases as well social inclusion to help people to regain their place in the community. Sandy suggested that for recovery the patient should be involved in educational, training as well as volunteering opportunities so that it supports an individual. It increases the sense to control the mental illness, as there are four dimensions to recovery like health, home, purpose and community. Sandys focuses on life recovery by making everyone informed about the healthy lifestyle by supporting phys ical and social well-being (Thisismyreality, 2018). She stated that engaging an individual in daily activities help in reducing the mental stress. National framework for recovery It is an important policy that is developed to improve the delivery of mental health services. It collaborate all the services related to mental health recovery approach. This framework helps in guiding the patient to resolve their mental illness. It describes that there are various networks to support mental illness. Network starts from home, community to work places. They design recovery oriented services which helps in facilitating the connections to gain maximum benefits (Isaacs, Sutton, Dalziel Maybery, 2017). It has designed various recovery plans to remove the uncertainty, loss and stress. This framework focuses on principals that provide them with growth experience. One is uniqueness of an individual that make sure that every individual is been recognized. This helps an individual in gaining health focus by empowering the personal care. This framework allows an individual to make correct choices, to ensure that balance is maintained between the support and duty of care so th at risks are avoided. It describes the rights and attitudes of an individual by properly listening to the issues and taking actions accordingly (Jacob, Munro, Taylor Griffiths, 2017). It protects the individual from all human right by promoting the support provided by social and vocational activities. The national framework of recovery ensures that evaluation of recovery strategies continues and quality services are provided for improvement (Naslund, et. al, 2017). Lived experience via stories and poetries Sandy described some lived experience by depicting poetries and stories as lived experience of people suffering from mental illness and the issues faced by family members are the key concern of this framework. It focuses on the people suffering from this experience rather than focusing on organizational priority for delivering better services (Sandy , 2018). Concerning the lived experience helps in offering them with new opportunity that enhances them in transforming the framework for better delivery of services (Newman, O'Reilly, Lee Kennedy, 2017). It looks to the challenges and offer the transformation by expertise. Recoveryin the experience of mental health The sole purpose of this framework is to range the health professional by setting hospitals, care centres as well as public service centres (Loos, et. al, 2017). The recovery in the experience of mental illness includes empowering everyone in the society by being sure that they are getting proper care as well as assuring that every individual as unique recovery plans. It supports every individual by making by taking their personal decisions without any inferences from the society. It promotes all the legal right of citizenship among individual that will support every individual in terms of social, occupational as well as recreational activities (Hancock, Scanlan, Gillespie, Smith-Merry, Yen, 2017). This part of principal deal with the fact that every individual gets dignity and respect from the community. This can be done by removing the discrimination from the sort and treating everyone with the same perspective (Hancock, Scanlan, Gillespie, Smith-Merry, Yen, 2017). It acknowledge s that every individual is unique and it practices all the positive ways to helps an individual to know their own potential and goal (Hancock, Scanlan, Gillespie, Smith-Merry, Yen, 2017). Examples from the work of Sandy Jeffs Sandy Jeff implement recovery orientated practice by its poetries and stories as it directly showcase the real life experiences of people suffering from mental illness by providing them with hope and motivation to support better mental health. She provides guidelines for self-recovery to cope up with mental illness (Frost, et. al, 2017). One of the live experiences described by Sandy was about old women who were all alone as her parents died when she was very small. She managed her daily expenses by working in a grocery store but it was very difficult as she suffered from many hardships and suffered from mental illness and no proper treatment was provided to her. Sandy suggested in her poetries that first step should be focusing on the actions to be undertaken. She explained that recovery is personal and should be acknowledged during the journey (Denneson, Cromer, Williams, Pisciotta Dobscha, 2017). Thus she described in her stories about various people and their challenges. She analysed to overcome from mental illness the brain should adapt to positive hope and is essential to recover. It was researched that hope plays a nominal role in recovery of mental illness. Sandy suggested that everyone surrounding the patient that is the family members and other supporting people should keep hope for betterment. She always provided the motivation in her poems to endure the strength required to confront the challenges faced by mental health problems and illnesses (Acu, 2018). The recovery journey of mental health is not difficult it just understands the necessities of their lives. There are various issues in the community, family or culture. By using an appropriate recovery approach it support people in learning how to make their own path by involving family members and society (Australian government, 2010). This helps in identifying the illness and focuses on strengthening the social network. Sandy in her stories states that families play a crucial role in betterment of mental illness by providing emotional, social as well a material support (Sandy Jeffs, 2018). They can support by expressing them with ways of hope and building them with strength to sustain in the community. Sandy discussed about various government policies that produce innovative ideas for protective security among women as well chil drens for healthy development. Government has launched various plans to ensure that welfare systems works according to the promotion strategies and opportunities are engaged regarding the policies (Parker, Dark, Newman, Korman, Rasmussen Meurk, 2017). Conclusion Thus it can be concluded that mental illness is a common issue in the society now a days and to avoid that Sandy Jeff promotes and shares her ideas in schools and at community level. She discussed the basic root cause and other relevant factors which lead to development of mental illness through her poems and stories. She emphasizes the core concern which relates to madness, domestic violence, inequality as well as discrimination in the society. It can also be concluded from this report that national framework has played a vital role in recovery and improvement of mental health services. This report defines experiences of an individual and their mental health issues, emotional distress and the drastic impact and upcoming consequences of mental health issue. Various measures and necessary steps are defined by Sandy and major focus is laid on personal recovery to entirely resolve the mental health issue. 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